City profile · District of Columbia · Census ACS 2023

Washington, DC

Washington's Census ACS profile: residents, income, housing, and the joined public-record layers available for this place.

672,079
Residents
$106,287
Median income
$724,600
Median home
$2,246
Median rent (state)
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See how it ranks

State rank, size-class rank, and four peer cities for Washington.

Place dossier plate

Sheet DC-WASHINGTON-DC · Washington, DC 672,079 pop · income 81st pct · 206 tracts

POP-MAJOR · INC-HIGH · COL-ABOVE · SAFE-BOTTOM · RANK-TOP · PHOTO-FINISH · HOME-TOP · BOOK-MEGA

  • POP-MAJOR 672,079
  • INC-HIGH $106,287
  • COL-ABOVE 109.9
  • SAFE-BOTTOM 5th pct
  • RANK-TOP 81st
  • PHOTO-FINISH ≈ Pine Canyon
  • HOME-TOP $724,600
  • BOOK-MEGA 206 tracts

Nearest income peer: Pine Canyon, CA ( $3 income $)

Instrument codes from this place’s ACS population and household income, BEA state COL, FBI safety, national income percentile, photo-finish peer city, home-value band, and matched Census-tract book - not a moving recommendation.

Income neighbourhood around Washington

Lowest/highest poles plus peers nearest Washington on median household income. Full ladder: /browse and /rankings.

median HH income

What this shows Neighbourhood peers only - not a full nationwide city board. Open a near peer when the gap is small; open the poles when the spread is wide.

Source U.S. Census Bureau · ACS 5-Year Estimates As of 2026-08-08

Compare beyond this state

Nationwide peers by population, income, and FBI crime rate

Out-of-state nearest neighbors for Washington on ACS population and median household income , plus FBI UCR reporting rate when the extract covers this place. Link sets are deduped so each column is a distinct comparison path, not a forecast that peers share a labor market or climate.

Similar population

Nearest out-of-state cities by ACS population. This city: 672,079.

4 peers

Similar household income

Nearest out-of-state cities by ACS median household income. This city: $106,287. Population peers are excluded.

4 peers

Similar FBI crime rate

Nearest out-of-state cities by UCR crimes per 100,000. This city: 4513.9. Population and income peers are excluded.

4 peers

Agency-reported UCR totals per 100,000 population, not a neighborhood safety grade or a prediction of personal risk.

Washington - the verdict

Washington ranks in the 81st percentile for household income and the 5th percentile for safety nationally, out of every US city with at least 1,000 residents. Source: Census ACS + FBI UCR.

81st
percentile, household income
93rd
percentile, home value
98th
percentile, median rent
5th
percentile, safety
📝 How we sourced this

Population, income, and housing-cost figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates (B-series tables). Crime data uses FBI UCR; climate uses NOAA Climate Normals; school counts come from NCES Common Core of Data; permits use the Census Building Permits Survey (BPS). See our methodology page for the full ETL pipeline and OMB / FIPS join keys.

Data Snapshot: Washington, DC

672,079 people live in Washington, District of Columbia - a mid-sized U.S. city by U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. The typical household in Washington brings in $106,287 a year, placing it in the top quartile of U.S. cities for household income, with a poverty rate of 10.7%. Washington's housing stock carries a median value of $724,600, and the median resident age is 34.9 years. 63.6% of adults here have a bachelor's degree or higher; 66.7% of working-age residents are in the labor force.

In 2024, 1,737 residential building permits were authorized in Washington (Construction Slowdown), down 71% from five years earlier, per Census BPS data. Washington's reported crime rate runs above the national norm: FBI UCR reporting places total crime at 4513.9 incidents per 100,000 residents, above the national average (voluntary agency reporting, reflects reporting activity, not a definitive danger score). NOAA puts Washington's yearly average temperature at 59.3°F with 41.8 inches of precipitation per year and 13.7 inches of snowfall.

District of Columbia carries a cost-of-living premium: on BEA's 100-equals-national-average cost index, District of Columbia scores 109.9 (Well Above Average), per the 2024 Regional Price Parities release. Statewide, HUD pegs Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom unit at $2,246 monthly. EIA 2023 residential energy data puts District of Columbia's average monthly utility costs around $210 (state average). Workers in Washington report an average commute of 21.4 minutes, with 28.2% driving alone and 29.4% working from home. On FEMA's National Risk Index, this area rates 97.6 out of 100 for natural-hazard exposure (Very High).

A decision-led reading path

Useful questions to ask of Washington's data

How this reading path is ordered

This is not a composite city score. It is a city-specific route through the available public records, ordered for this profile so the page starts with questions the joined data can actually answer. The route here runs from climate and hazard context to work and mobility to population change to schools and households to reported crime to housing and income to within-city variation; another city can have a different sequence or fewer supported layers because the source joins are not uniform.

For Washington, city-specific coverage includes commute-mode shares, within-city Census tract profiles, matched public-school count, local building permits, annual population history, FBI reported-crime rates. All six city-specific enrichment layers used by this profile are present.

Question 1

What physical conditions frame life in Washington?

NOAA normals put the annual mean temperature at 59.3°F, with 41.8 inches of precipitation and 13.7 inches of annual snowfall. FEMA's state-averaged National Risk Index score for District of Columbia is 97.6 out of 100. Climate normals describe long-run weather; the FEMA score on PlainCities is a state average of county NRI inputs and combines hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and resilience.

The two sources should not be blended into one comfort or safety score. Use the climate values for baseline conditions and the risk index as a prompt to inspect specific hazards, insurance, and local emergency guidance for a particular address.

Read the source boundaries →

2. Work and mobility

What does the journey to work look like in Washington?

Mode share answers how workers usually travel; it does not measure congestion, reliability, distance to a particular job, or the quality of transit service. Remote work has a visible role in the local pattern. That can reduce commute exposure for some workers, but it says nothing about job availability or broadband quality; read it alongside income and housing rather than as a stand-alone lifestyle score.

Working from home is the largest reported mode at 29.4%. The reported mean trip to work is 21.4 minutes.

Compare commute patterns →

3. Population change

Is Washington growing, shrinking, or holding steady?

Recent estimates point upward. Growth can increase housing demand and service needs, but the permit record must move in the same direction before calling it a supply response; the two series measure different things.

Census PEP estimates show the population grew by +22,687 residents from 2020 to 2025, a +3.4% change. Separately, Census BPS recorded 1,737 housing units authorized in 2024. PEP and ACS are different Census series, so the trend is kept separate from the headline ACS population.

See the national growth ranking →

4. Within-city variation

What can 206 Census tracts reveal inside Washington?

That layer breaks the citywide income, rent, and home-value medians into smaller Census geographies, which can reveal differences that one municipal median necessarily hides. A tract is a statistical area, not a locally defined neighborhood or a promise about conditions on a particular block. Start with the city profile for the broad comparison, then use the tract layer to test whether the same housing and income pattern is consistent across the city. Large within-city spreads are a reason to avoid treating any citywide median as a universal resident experience.

PlainCities matches 206 Census tracts to this city.

Explore Washington's tract profiles →

Other supported questions

Why these stay compact

These joined records add useful context, but they do not need another full-size panel. Each remains a separate measure with its own geography and source boundary.

Schools and households

What does the education layer cover for Washington?

The NCES join finds 240 public schools within the city match. 63.6% of adults age 25+ hold a bachelor's degree or higher in the ACS estimate. These measures answer different questions: the school count describes local institutions, while adult attainment describes residents and cannot be used as a school-quality rating.

The city has a broader matched school footprint, but count alone does not describe performance, capacity, program availability, or attendance boundaries. This profile deliberately avoids converting it into an unsupported family-friendliness score.

Matched public schools
240
Bachelor's degree+
63.6%
Poverty estimate
10.7%

NCES Common Core of Data school locations plus Census ACS resident characteristics.

See how the family ranking is built →

Reported crime

What can the FBI record say about safety in Washington?

Treat this as a reporting-rate comparison, not a prediction of personal risk or a neighborhood-level safety grade. Tourism, daytime population, reporting practices, and variation inside the city are not adjusted away. The state rank and same-state peer table are the narrower comparisons available on this page.

The joined FBI UCR record reports 4513.9 violent and property crimes per 100,000 residents, above the 2280.5 national reference used here. The difference is 98% higher in arithmetic terms, but agency participation is voluntary and reporting completeness varies.

Property rate
3588.0
Violent rate
925.9
Total reported rate
4513.9

FBI Uniform Crime Reporting, incidents per 100,000. Voluntary agency reporting; not a danger score.

Review the safety ranking method →

Housing and income

How far does income reach against housing in Washington?

The home-value-to-income reference is comparatively stretched: the ACS median home value is 6.8 times median household income. The ACS poverty estimate is 10.7%, which keeps the citywide median from describing every household.

This is a citywide price-to-income reference, not a mortgage-affordability test; it does not include interest rates, taxes, insurance, household size, or an individual buyer's down payment. Housing value is high relative to the citywide income median. That flags a question for comparison, not a verdict: tenure, household composition, financing costs, and the age of the ACS estimate can all change what a resident actually pays.

Household income
$106,287
Home value
$724,600
Value / income
6.8×

City-level Census ACS 2023 medians. The ratio divides two separate medians and is descriptive only.

Compare the housing trade-off →

Population

672,079 residents

Large city (200k–999k)

Median Household Income

$106,287 /yr

High income · poverty 10.7% (Above-median poverty)

Cost of Living Index (state)

109.9 (US=100)

Highest-decile cost · BEA RPP 2024, District of Columbia average

City profile score · Washington, DC

43/100

5 published dimensions · ACS/FBI 2023

Comparative score against U.S. cities with population of 1,000 or more on Census ACS medians (income, poverty, bachelor's share, cost of living) and FBI UCR violent-crime rates when published. Higher means a stronger standing on those published figures, not a livability rating, not a recommendation to move, buy, or pick a "best" city. Missing inputs drop out and redistribute weight. How it is calculated.

Bachelor's+ share A+
63.6%

Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher; ACS.

Household income A-
$106,287

Median household income vs U.S. cities (pop ≥1,000); ACS.

Poverty rate F
10.7%

Share of residents below the poverty line; lower scores better on this axis.

Cost of living F
109.9 index

BEA state Regional Price Parities index (100 ≈ national average); lower is stronger on this axis. Same value for every city in the state.

Violent crime F
926 /100k

FBI UCR violent offenses per 100,000 residents; lower is stronger on this axis.

Washington profile (scored ACS/FBI dimensions) 5-axis radar comparing 1 series across Bachelor's+ share, Household income, Poverty rate, Cost of living, Violent crime. Bachelor's+ shareHousehold incomePoverty rateCost of livingViolent crime 43 D
Washington profile (scored ACS/FBI dimensions)
Read the chart values
  • Bachelor's+ share: 94/100 (A+) · 63.6%
  • Household income: 80/100 (A-) · $106,287
  • Poverty rate: 37/100 (F) · 10.7%
  • Cost of living: 8/100 (F) · 109.9 index
  • Violent crime: 0/100 (F) · 926 /100k

Where Washington sits on home value vs crime among peer cities

Washington's median home value and FBI crime rate plotted with similar-size and same-state peers (padded with large cities when the peer set is thin). The second read: pricey does not always mean safer, check which quadrant this city lands in.

Census ACS median home value vs FBI UCR crime rate - Washington highlighted among 22 peers. 2×2 strategic matrix plotting 22 entities by Median home value ($) (X) and Crime rate (per 100k, lower = safer) (Y), with a crosshair dividing the plot into four quadrants. Pricier, lower crimeAffordable, lower crimePricier, higher crimeAffordable, higher crime $0$500,000$1,000,000$1,500,000 1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000 Median home value ($) Crime rate (per 100k, lower = safer)
Census ACS median home value vs FBI UCR crime rate - Washington highlighted among 22 peers.
Read the chart values
  • Washington, DC (this city): home $724,600, crime 4,514/100k
  • El Paso, TX : home $171,700, crime 1,772/100k
  • Boston, MA : home $710,400, crime 2,650/100k
  • Oklahoma City, OK : home $215,100, crime 3,570/100k
  • Portland, OR : home $557,600, crime 6,246/100k
  • New York, NY : home $751,700, crime 3,039/100k
  • Los Angeles, CA : home $879,500, crime 2,212/100k
  • Chicago, IL : home $315,200, crime 4,012/100k
  • Houston, TX : home $253,400, crime 5,442/100k
  • Phoenix, AZ : home $381,900, crime 3,125/100k
  • Philadelphia, PA : home $232,400, crime 5,457/100k
  • San Antonio, TX : home $219,700, crime 5,218/100k
  • San Diego, CA : home $848,500, crime 2,082/100k
  • Dallas, TX : home $295,300, crime 4,010/100k
  • San Jose, CA : home $1,187,800, crime 3,195/100k
  • Austin, TX : home $512,700, crime 3,709/100k
  • Fort Worth, TX : home $277,300, crime 3,158/100k
  • Columbus, OH : home $234,500, crime 3,088/100k
  • Indianapolis, IN : home $207,000, crime 4,214/100k
  • San Francisco, CA : home $1,380,500, crime 4,526/100k
  • Seattle, WA : home $912,100, crime 5,783/100k
  • Denver, CO : home $586,700, crime 5,755/100k

How does Washington compare to other US cities?

Washington measured against every US city with 1,000+ residents, computed live from the same Census and FBI data shown throughout this page.

Household income 81% higher than other cities
Home value 93% pricier than other cities
Median rent 98% pricier than other cities
Safety 5% safer than other cities

"Safer than" reflects total crime rate from FBI UCR; the others use Census ACS estimates.

How we calculate these percentiles & ranks

Each percentile compares Washington against every qualifying US city; each in-state rank narrows that to District of Columbia only. Full formula and direction notes: methodology.

81stIncome percentile
5thSafety percentile
Gauge source note

81st percentile nationally for median household income · 5th percentile for safety (lower crime rate). Source: Census ACS 2023 / FBI UCR 2023.

Washington's profile vs. every US city

Income, affordability, and safety percentile

Washington's percentile rank on 3 favorable-direction measures (income, affordability, safety) vs. every tracked US city -- higher on every axis is more favorable. Not a composite quality score, just the arithmetic mean of the axes shown. 3-axis radar comparing 1 series across Income, Affordability, Safety. IncomeAffordabilitySafety 30 Avg. percentile National median
Washington's percentile rank on 3 favorable-direction measures (income, affordability, safety) vs. every tracked US city -- higher on every axis is more favorable. Not a composite quality score, just the arithmetic mean of the axes shown.

How Washington's home value compares nationally

Median home value vs. every US city (population 1,000+)

$724,600 7th percentile more affordable than 7% of 15,600 US cities

Show national distribution $0–$25,000: 5 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $25,000–$50,000: 54 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $50,000–$75,000: 352 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $75,000–$100,000: 1,086 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $100,000–$125,000: 1,516 US cities (10%). Below this entry. $125,000–$150,000: 1,170 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $150,000–$175,000: 1,278 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $175,000–$200,000: 1,229 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $200,000–$225,000: 1,035 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $225,000–$250,000: 976 US cities (6%). Below this entry. $250,000–$275,000: 754 US cities (5%). Below this entry. $275,000–$300,000: 712 US cities (5%). Below this entry. $300,000–$325,000: 521 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $325,000–$350,000: 526 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $350,000–$375,000: 465 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $375,000–$400,000: 393 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $400,000–$425,000: 317 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $425,000–$450,000: 300 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $450,000–$475,000: 307 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $475,000–$500,000: 250 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $500,000–$525,000: 160 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $525,000–$550,000: 156 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $550,000–$575,000: 172 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $575,000–$600,000: 172 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $600,000–$625,000: 163 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $625,000–$650,000: 167 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $650,000–$675,000: 135 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $675,000–$700,000: 101 US cities (1%). Below this entry. $700,000–$725,000: 95 US cities (1%). This entry sits in this band. $725,000–$750,000: 71 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $750,000–$775,000: 65 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $775,000–$800,000: 70 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $800,000–$825,000: 57 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $825,000–$850,000: 67 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $850,000–$875,000: 60 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $875,000–$900,000: 58 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $900,000–$925,000: 47 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $925,000–$950,000: 37 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $950,000–$975,000: 31 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $975,000–$1,000,000: 470 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $1,000,000–$1,025,000: 0 US cities (0%). Above this entry. Washington $0 $1,025,000 every US city, bucketed by value

Each bar is a $25K-wide band; taller bars hold more US cities. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2023

Washington's home-value-to-income ratio: 6.8×

ACS median home value divided by median household income.

Band
pressured
> 5.0×
National rank
#14,592 of 15,516
More affordable than 6% of tracked cities (pop. 1,000+)
Size class
#104 of 117
Large cities (200,000–999,999)

At 6.8×, Washington sits in the pressured band: national rank #14,592 of 15,516 and #104 of 117large cities (200,000–999,999). Housing value is high relative to the citywide income median, a comparison flag, not a verdict on any household.

How this ratio is calculated

Ratio = Census ACS 2023 median home value ÷ median household income for cities with both fields and population ≥ 1,000. Rank 1 = lowest ratio (most compact). Bands match the fleet affordability thresholds used on guides (<3.0 / 3.0–5.0 / >5.0). This is not a mortgage payment estimate and does not include rates, taxes, insurance, or down payment.

Income distribution context

$106,287 Washington, DC median household income (Census ACS)

Show U.S. national quintile / Lorenz context Household income distribution - Washington, DC Washington, DC's median household income ($106,287) against the U.S. national quintile-share pattern. The Lorenz curve and quintile bars are national context, not Washington, DC-specific shares. $ Household Income Distribution Washington, DC median $106,287/yr, vs. U.S. national quintile pattern QUINTILE SHARE OF AGGREGATE INCOME Lowest 20% 3.4% Second 20% 9.2% Middle 20% 15.1% Fourth 20% 23.2% Top 20% 49.1% LORENZ CURVE cumulative income vs. population 100% 0% 100% pop. 0%
Washington, DC median household income (Census ACS 5-year) with U.S. national quintile shares for context. Diagonal = equality; the curve is national, not computed for Washington, DC.

Key socioeconomic indicators

Bachelor's degree or higher (adults 25+) 63.6%

Census ACS S1501, educational attainment

Poverty rate (households below FPL) 10.7%

Census ACS S1701, poverty status

Labor force participation (adults 16+) 66.7%

Census ACS S2301, share of working-age residents in the labor force

Population
672,079
Median Income
$106,287
Median Home Value
$724,600
Median Age
34.9
Poverty Rate
10.7%
Labor force participation
66.7%
Bachelor's Degree+
63.6%

Safety & Crime

Total Crime Rate
4513.9
per 100,000 residents
Violent Crime
925.9
per 100,000 residents
Property Crime
3588.0
per 100,000 residents
Crime reporting caveat

Reflects incidents reported to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program — agency participation is voluntary and reporting completeness varies by jurisdiction and year, so this reflects reporting activity, not a definitive danger score. Not adjusted for tourism, commuter, or daytime population.

Climate

Avg Temperature
59.3°F
Annual Precipitation
41.8"
Annual Snowfall
13.7"

Schools

Total Schools
240
Public schools in this city

Population Change

PEP vintage

Annual U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP) estimates, 2020–2025

See the fastest-growing cities →
660,000 residents670,000 residents680,000 residents690,000 residents700,000 residents 202020212022202320242025 670,958 residents 693,645 residents ▲ +3.4%
Washington's Census PEP population estimates, 2020–2025.
Read the chart as text
Period Population
2020 670,958 residents
2021 669,637 residents
2022 674,501 residents
2023 682,559 residents
2024 691,310 residents
2025 693,645 residents

Housing Supply

BPS source

Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS) - annual residential permits authorized

📉 Construction Slowdown
Total Permits (2024)
1,737
housing units authorized
Single-Family
146
detached homes
Multifamily
1,591
apartments & condos
Supply Intensity
2.6
permits per 1,000 residents

5-Year Permit Trend (2019–2024)

Year Total
2019 5,945
2020 7,370
2021 4,740
2022 7,705
2023 3,020
2024 1,737

Permit volume decreased 71% from 2019 to 2024.

Commute Patterns

Commute source

How workers travel to work, Census ACS 2023

Average Commute Time
21.4 minutes
Drive Alone
28.2%
Carpool
4.3%
Public Transit
22.3%
Walk
10.0%
Work from Home
29.4%
Other
5.8%

Based on 368,917 workers 16 and over.

Monthly Utility Costs

District of Columbia statewide monthly utility average (EIA 2023): $210

EIA 2023 residential energy data puts average monthly utilities across District of Columbia at $210 (electricity about $90 , water and sewer about $55 ).

These are District of Columbia statewide averages, not a meter reading for Washington. Actual bills vary by home size, usage, and local rates. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023.

Living Costs & Risk

District of Columbia's BEA cost-of-living index is 109.9 (Well Above Average; US average = 100, RPP 2024). HUD Fair Market Rent for a typical two-bedroom in the county around Washington is $2,246/mo. FEMA's National Risk Index, averaged to District of Columbia statewide on PlainCities, rates natural-hazard exposure at 97.6 / 100 (Very High).

Cost/risk geography note

Cost of living is a District of Columbia statewide BEA average; rent is a county-level HUD Fair Market Rent for the county Washington sits in; the FEMA hazard score shown here is a statewide average of county NRI inputs, not a parcel-level reading.

FBI UCR NOAA Normals NCES CCD Census BPS 2024
Primary sources on this page

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year 2023, FBI UCR, NOAA Climate Normals, NCES CCD, Census BPS 2024, Census ACS B08301/B08136, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023, BEA Regional Price Parities 2024, HUD Fair Market Rents 2026, FEMA National Risk Index.

Citation & verification links Data sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainCities

Primary sources: Census ACS, FBI UCR, NOAA Climate Normals, NCES. Joins use OMB Bulletin 23-01 / FIPS keys.

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Estimate caveats

ACS and UCR figures are citywide estimates with vintage lags; they do not replace a local visit, school visit, or insurance quote.

Editorial standards, provenance, and how to cite this page

Every figure on PlainCities is rendered directly from Census ACS source data, no number is typed in by an editor. This page draws directly on Census ACS source data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.

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