Town · Maine
Columbia, Maine
Columbia, town, in Washington County, Maine. Columbia had 435 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 0.2% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 435 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 529 (±108). GEOID 2302913750.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
435
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 435 · ACS 2020-2024: 529 ±108
Median household income
$56,667
±$15,387 (90% margin)
Maine: $74,733
Median home value
$158,700
±$18,932 (90% margin)
Maine: $296,600
Median gross rent
$894
±$162 (90% margin)
Maine: $1,139
Where is Columbia and what county is it in?
Columbia is a town in Washington County, Maine. It covers 36.3 square miles of land, 12 residents per square mile in 2020.
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Columbia, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 435 people lived in Columbia on July 1, 2025, up 0.2% since 2020, slower than Maine (+3.8%). The 2020 Census counted 435 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 529 (±108).
| Measure | Columbia | Washington County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 529±108 | 31,331 | no clear change |
| Households | 220±43 | 14,187 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 2.40±0.40 | 2.14 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 299±51 | 21,726 | no clear change |
Columbia's population since 2000
From 459 in 2000 to 435 in 2025: down 5.2%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Columbia as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Columbia?
The median resident of Columbia is 41.9 years old; 24.2% are under 18 and 25.9% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 84.1%, then non-Hispanic residents of two or more races at 8.7%.
| Measure | Columbia | Washington County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 41.9±6.4 | 48.6 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 24.2%±5.8 pts | 18.5% | – |
| 65 years and over | 25.9%±8.1 pts | 26.3% | – |
| Male | 46.1%±6.1 pts | 49.3% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5.9%±5.9 pts | 2.5% | – |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 84.1%±8.3 pts | 87.6% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.1 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.1 pts | 0.3% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.1 pts | 4.4% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.1 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 8.7%±6.8 pts | 4.1% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 1.3%±2.2 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 4.7%±5.2 pts | 3.7% | – |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 6.3%±5.2 pts | 5.6% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 12.2%±5.2 pts | 11.7% | – |
| With a disability | 16.8%±5.6 pts | 22.6% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 11.7%±5.4 pts | 9.1% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 87.0%±6.1 pts | 91.1% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 21.2%±6.0 pts | 24.7% | +10.0 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 7.1%±3.8 pts | 9.0% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 91.7%±6.1 pts | 89.3% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.5%±1.5 pts | 3.1% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Columbia earn?
Half of Columbia's 220 households earn less than $56,667 a year (±$15,387), against $56,024 in Washington County and $74,733 in Maine. In 2015-2019 it was $54,099 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 13.4% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Columbia | Washington County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $56,667±$15,387 | $56,024 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $64,430±$11,920 | $74,471 | – |
| Per capita income | $28,236±$4,478 | $33,745 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 13.4%±6.5 pts | 17.1% | – |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 10.9%±10.4 pts | 18.9% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 14.1%±6.6 pts | 18.8% | – |
| Households with a computer | 95.9%±4.7 pts | 91.6% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 85.5%±7.6 pts | 84.3% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Columbia?
Owners occupy 81.8% of Columbia's occupied homes and renters 18.2%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $158,700 by its owner (±$18,932). The median renter pays $894 a month including utilities, and 61.9% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Columbia | Washington County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $158,700±$18,932 | $161,800 | +$35,631 |
| Median gross rent | $894±$162 | $783 | −$190 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 61.9%±25.4 pts | 38.4% | – |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,167±$366 | $1,275 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 81.8%±11.1 pts | 79.7% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 18.2%±11.1 pts | 20.3% | – |
| Housing units | 299±51 | 21,726 | no clear change |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.0%±14.1 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 0.0%±43.1 pts | 7.7% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 79.9%±7.5 pts | 81.4% | – |
| Mobile homes | 19.1%±7.5 pts | 11.2% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 3.0%±3.6 pts | 1.6% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 1.3%±1.7 pts | 5.5% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 19.4%±7.0 pts | 27.1% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 3.2%±2.6 pts | 6.1% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How do people in Columbia work and get to work?
77.5% of Columbia's workers drive alone and 9.0% work from home. The average trip to work takes 31.2 minutes.
| Measure | Columbia | Washington County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 56.2%±8.9 pts | 52.9% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 0.0%±11.0 pts | 6.3% | – |
| Drove alone to work | 77.5%±8.3 pts | 75.6% | – |
| Carpooled | 10.8%±7.2 pts | 9.1% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.0%±11.6 pts | 0.5% | – |
| Walked | 2.7%±2.8 pts | 4.2% | – |
| Worked from home | 9.0%±5.8 pts | 9.7% | – |
| Mean travel time to work | 31.2 min±10.5 | 21.6 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Columbia?
No census tract lies mostly in Columbia; 1 tract reaches into it (2020 census blocks).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 9564Washington County | 2,966 | $51,453 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Columbia) · Census block assignment files
How does Columbia compare with other places in Maine?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Columbia is the 10,472nd-most populous of the 16,079 U.S. towns and townships that have one and the 346th-most populous of 454 in Maine.
Columbia is not ranked by income or the other survey measures: those rankings include places of 1,000 or more residents (2020 Census) with a reliable estimate.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 346th | 454 |
Columbia's figures with every place in Maine (CSV)
Every place in Maine, sortable · Compare Columbia with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Columbia?
20 of the 57 figures for Columbia on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Columbia are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' school search.