Town · New Hampshire
Nelson, New Hampshire
Nelson, town, in Cheshire County, New Hampshire. Nelson had 661 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 5.3% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 629 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 648 (±107). GEOID 3300550580.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
661
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 629 · ACS 2020-2024: 648 ±107
Median household income
$99,792
±$23,218 (90% margin)
New Hampshire: $99,031
Median home value
$340,900
±$49,109 (90% margin)
New Hampshire: $402,500
Median gross rent
$1,203
±$243 (90% margin)
New Hampshire: $1,491
Where is Nelson and what county is it in?
Nelson is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire. It covers 21.9 square miles of land, 29 residents per square mile in 2020.
Nelson is in the Keene, NH micropolitan statistical area (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Nelson, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 661 people lived in Nelson on July 1, 2025, up 5.3% since 2020, faster than New Hampshire (+2.7%). The 2020 Census counted 629 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 648 (±107).
| Measure | Nelson | Cheshire County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 648±107 | 77,297 | no clear change |
| Households | 255±43 | 30,620 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 2.54±0.36 | 2.40 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 377±57 | 35,899 | −103 |
Nelson's population since 2000
From 634 in 2000 to 661 in 2025: up 4.3%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Nelson as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Nelson?
The median resident of Nelson is 42.3 years old; 27.5% are under 18 and 24.8% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 88.3%, then non-Hispanic residents of two or more races at 9.7%.
| Measure | Nelson | Cheshire County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 42.3±11.7 | 43.6 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 27.5%±6.8 pts | 17.8% | – |
| 65 years and over | 24.8%±6.0 pts | 22.4% | – |
| Male | 46.3%±3.6 pts | 49.3% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1.1%±1.2 pts | 2.6% | – |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 88.3%±8.1 pts | 91.4% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.3 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 0.6%±1.0 pts | 0.9% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.3 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±5.3 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 9.7%±6.9 pts | 4.1% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.3%±0.5 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 3.1%±2.1 pts | 2.9% | – |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 1.5%±1.4 pts | 3.7% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 5.7%±2.8 pts | 7.4% | – |
| With a disability | 10.0%±3.4 pts | 14.5% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 3.1%±1.7 pts | 6.2% | – |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 98.7%±1.2 pts | 94.4% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 61.1%±7.4 pts | 35.5% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 22.5%±5.7 pts | 14.0% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 95.4%±2.5 pts | 89.3% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.6%±1.2 pts | 3.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Nelson earn?
Half of Nelson's 255 households earn less than $99,792 a year (±$23,218), against $83,329 in Cheshire County and $99,031 in New Hampshire. In 2015-2019 it was $101,019 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart.
| Measure | Nelson | Cheshire County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $99,792±$23,218 | $83,329 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $139,129±$18,791 | $105,400 | – |
| Per capita income | $56,526±$10,701 | $43,485 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 1.4%±1.3 pts | 8.7% | – |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 0.0%±17.8 pts | 9.0% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 0.8%±1.1 pts | 6.3% | – |
| Households with a computer | 96.9%±2.5 pts | 95.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 95.3%±3.1 pts | 91.8% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Nelson?
Owners occupy 90.2% of Nelson's occupied homes and renters 9.8%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $340,900 by its owner (±$49,109). The median renter pays $1,203 a month including utilities, and 40.0% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Nelson | Cheshire County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $340,900±$49,109 | $280,100 | no clear change |
| Median gross rent | $1,203±$243 | $1,276 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 40.0%±23.8 pts | 38.0% | – |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,958±$477 | $1,947 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 90.2%±5.0 pts | 72.7% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 9.8%±5.0 pts | 27.3% | – |
| Housing units | 377±57 | 35,899 | −103 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 2.1%±5.5 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 0.0%±50.6 pts | 3.0% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 90.2%±4.9 pts | 69.0% | – |
| Mobile homes | 2.7%±2.5 pts | 6.2% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.5%±0.8 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 3.7%±2.2 pts | 5.4% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 34.0%±7.6 pts | 27.0% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 0.8%±1.1 pts | 4.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Nelson building?
Builders took permits for 2 new housing units in Nelson in 2025 (2 in single-family houses), 3.0 per 1,000 residents against 3.6 across New Hampshire.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Nelson work and get to work?
54.6% of Nelson's workers drive alone and 31.5% work from home. The average trip to work takes 24.3 minutes.
| Measure | Nelson | Cheshire County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 64.0%±5.3 pts | 62.5% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 0.0%±10.8 pts | 3.3% | – |
| Drove alone to work | 54.6%±9.1 pts | 74.7% | – |
| Carpooled | 7.5%±5.3 pts | 7.5% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.0%±11.2 pts | 0.3% | – |
| Walked | 6.1%±4.9 pts | 3.6% | – |
| Worked from home | 31.5%±8.0 pts | 13.1% | – |
| Mean travel time to work | 24.3 min±3.3 | 23.7 min | −8.9 min |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Nelson?
No census tract lies mostly in Nelson; 1 tract reaches into it (2020 census blocks).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 9704.02Cheshire County | 2,706 | $94,097 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Nelson) · Census block assignment files
How does Nelson compare with other places in New Hampshire?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Nelson is the 9,190th-most populous of the 16,079 U.S. towns and townships that have one and the 197th-most populous of 221 in New Hampshire.
Nelson is not ranked by income or the other survey measures: those rankings include places of 1,000 or more residents (2020 Census) with a reliable estimate.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 197th | 221 |
Nelson's figures with every place in New Hampshire (CSV)
Every place in New Hampshire, sortable · Compare Nelson with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Nelson?
22 of the 57 figures for Nelson on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Nelson are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' school search.