City profile · New Jersey · Census ACS 2023

Butler, NJ

Butler's Census ACS profile: residents, income, housing, and the joined public-record layers available for this place.

8,072
Residents
$110,375
Median income
$425,900
Median home
$2,132
Median rent (state)
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Side-by-side metrics and state or size-class ranks use the same Census and FBI fields shown on this profile. Results stay in the URL so you can bookmark or share them.

Compare with another city

Starting with Butler, NJ - add up to three more cities on the compare page.

See how it ranks

State rank, size-class rank, and four peer cities for Butler.

Place dossier plate

Sheet NJ-BUTLER-NJ · Butler, NJ 8,072 pop · income 83rd pct

POP-TOWN · INC-TOP · COL-ABOVE · SAFE-TOP · RANK-TOP · PHOTO-FINISH · HOME-HIGH · BOOK-UNK

  • POP-TOWN 8,072
  • INC-TOP $110,375
  • COL-ABOVE 108.8
  • SAFE-TOP 83rd pct
  • RANK-TOP 83rd
  • PHOTO-FINISH ≈ North Decatur
  • HOME-HIGH $425,900
  • BOOK-UNK Tracts pending

Nearest income peer: North Decatur, GA ( $9 income $)

Instrument codes from this place’s ACS population and household income, BEA state COL, FBI safety, national income percentile, photo-finish peer city, home-value band, and matched Census-tract book - not a moving recommendation.

Income neighbourhood around Butler

Lowest/highest poles plus peers nearest Butler on median household income. Full ladder: /browse and /rankings.

median HH income

What this shows Neighbourhood peers only - not a full nationwide city board. Open a near peer when the gap is small; open the poles when the spread is wide.

Source U.S. Census Bureau · ACS 5-Year Estimates As of 2026-08-08

Compare beyond this state

Nationwide peers by population, income, and FBI crime rate

Out-of-state nearest neighbors for Butler on ACS population and median household income , plus FBI UCR reporting rate when the extract covers this place. Link sets are deduped so each column is a distinct comparison path, not a forecast that peers share a labor market or climate.

Similar population

Nearest out-of-state cities by ACS population. This city: 8,072.

4 peers

Similar household income

Nearest out-of-state cities by ACS median household income. This city: $110,375. Population peers are excluded.

4 peers

Similar FBI crime rate

Nearest out-of-state cities by UCR crimes per 100,000. This city: 539.2. Population and income peers are excluded.

4 peers

Agency-reported UCR totals per 100,000 population, not a neighborhood safety grade or a prediction of personal risk.

Butler - the verdict

Nationally, Butler sits in the 83rd percentile for household income and the 83rd percentile for safety among US cities with a population of 1,000 or more. Source: Census ACS + FBI UCR.

83rd
percentile, household income
79th
percentile, home value
94th
percentile, median rent
83rd
percentile, safety
📝 How we sourced this

Population, income, and housing-cost figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates (B-series tables). Crime data uses FBI UCR; climate uses NOAA Climate Normals; school counts come from NCES Common Core of Data; permits use the Census Building Permits Survey (BPS). See our methodology page for the full ETL pipeline and OMB / FIPS join keys.

Data Snapshot: Butler, NJ

Butler is a small town in New Jersey, home to 8,072 residents per U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. The typical household in Butler brings in $110,375 a year, placing it in the top quartile of U.S. cities for household income, with a poverty rate of 4.5%. Typical homes in Butler are valued around $425,900, and the median resident age is 40.9 years. About 45.1% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, while 69.0% of working-age residents are in the labor force.

In 2024, 2 residential building permits were authorized in Butler (Construction Slowdown), down 87% from five years earlier, per Census BPS data. Butler reports a comparatively low crime rate: per-100,000 total crime stands at 539.2 in FBI UCR data, below the national average (a voluntary reporting program, read this as reporting activity, not a definitive danger score).

New Jersey carries a cost-of-living premium: BEA Regional Price Parities 2024 puts New Jersey at 108.8 on a 100-equals-national-average scale (Well Above Average). HUD Fair Market Rent for a typical two-bedroom in this state is $2,132 per month. Statewide, average monthly utility bills in New Jersey run around $275, per EIA 2023 residential energy data. FEMA's National Risk Index rates natural-hazard exposure at 90.8 out of 100 (Very High).

A decision-led reading path

Useful questions to ask of Butler's data

How this reading path is ordered

This is not a composite city score. It is a city-specific route through the available public records, ordered for this profile so the page starts with questions the joined data can actually answer. The route here runs from comparison shortlist to population change to reported crime to housing and income to work and mobility to schools and households; another city can have a different sequence or fewer supported layers because the source joins are not uniform.

For Butler, city-specific coverage includes annual population history, local building permits, FBI reported-crime rates, matched public-school count, commute-mode shares. No matched row is reported here for within-city Census tract profiles; the page leaves those layers out instead of substituting a statewide or national value.

1. Comparison shortlist

Which cities make useful reference points for Butler?

Use the in-state set to hold state policy and broad price conditions more nearly constant. Use the nationwide size set to ask whether cities with a similar resident count produce different housing, income, or commute outcomes. The income set is a third lens, deliberately separate from population matching. The nationwide peer panel below adds a fourth FBI UCR reporting-rate lens, not personal risk.

Within New Jersey, the closest population matches are Atco (8,037 residents, $101,976 income); Fort Dix (8,034 residents, $98,259 income); Spotswood (8,112 residents, $101,388 income). Outside the state, the closest population matches in this dataset are Bermuda Dunes, CA (8,074 residents); Sunnyvale, TX (8,069 residents); Albertville, MN (8,066 residents). A third, income-matched reference set of 6 out-of-state cities sits in the income neighbourhood chart near the Place Dossier plate. These are mechanical peer sets, not claims that the places share a labor market, climate, culture, or metro context.

Open a side-by-side comparison →

Question 2

Is Butler growing, shrinking, or holding steady?

Census PEP estimates show the population grew by +179 residents from 2020 to 2025, a +2.2% change. Separately, Census BPS recorded 2 housing units authorized in 2024. PEP and ACS are different Census series, so the trend is kept separate from the headline ACS population.

Recent estimates point upward. Growth can increase housing demand and service needs, but the permit record must move in the same direction before calling it a supply response; the two series measure different things.

See the national growth ranking →

Question 3

What can the FBI record say about safety in Butler?

The joined FBI UCR record reports 539.2 violent and property crimes per 100,000 residents, below the 2280.5 national reference used here. The difference is 76% lower in arithmetic terms, but agency participation is voluntary and reporting completeness varies.

Treat this as a reporting-rate comparison, not a prediction of personal risk or a neighborhood-level safety grade. Tourism, daytime population, reporting practices, and variation inside the city are not adjusted away. The state rank and same-state peer table are the narrower comparisons available on this page.

Review the safety ranking method →

4. Housing and income

How far does income reach against housing in Butler?

This is a citywide price-to-income reference, not a mortgage-affordability test; it does not include interest rates, taxes, insurance, household size, or an individual buyer's down payment. Income and home value move within the same broad scale here. The useful next check is not a generic affordability label, but whether similar-size cities offer a materially different income, housing, or commute trade-off.

The home-value-to-income reference sits in a middle range: the ACS median home value is 3.9 times median household income. The ACS poverty estimate is 4.5%, which keeps the citywide median from describing every household.

Compare the housing trade-off →

Other supported questions

Why these stay compact

These joined records add useful context, but they do not need another full-size panel. Each remains a separate measure with its own geography and source boundary.

Work and mobility

What does the journey to work look like in Butler?

Driving alone is the largest reported mode at 72.1%. A reliable mean commute time is not available for this row, so the mode shares carry the comparison.

Mode share answers how workers usually travel; it does not measure congestion, reliability, distance to a particular job, or the quality of transit service. Remote work has a visible role in the local pattern. That can reduce commute exposure for some workers, but it says nothing about job availability or broadband quality; read it alongside income and housing rather than as a stand-alone lifestyle score.

Drive alone
72.1%
Work from home
16.3%
Public transit
5.7%

City-level Census ACS commuting estimates covering 4,621 workers age 16+.

Compare commute patterns →

Schools and households

What does the education layer cover for Butler?

The city has a broader matched school footprint, but count alone does not describe performance, capacity, program availability, or attendance boundaries. This profile deliberately avoids converting it into an unsupported family-friendliness score.

The NCES join finds 3 public schools within the city match. 45.1% of adults age 25+ hold a bachelor's degree or higher in the ACS estimate. These measures answer different questions: the school count describes local institutions, while adult attainment describes residents and cannot be used as a school-quality rating.

Poverty estimate
4.5%
Bachelor's degree+
45.1%
Matched public schools
3

NCES Common Core of Data school locations plus Census ACS resident characteristics.

See how the family ranking is built →

Population

8,072 residents

Micro place (under 10k)

Median Household Income

$110,375 /yr

High income · poverty 4.5% (Below-median poverty)

Cost of Living Index (state)

108.8 (US=100)

High cost · BEA RPP 2024, New Jersey average

City profile score · Butler, NJ

66/100

5 published dimensions · ACS/FBI 2023

Comparative score against U.S. cities with population of 1,000 or more on Census ACS medians (income, poverty, bachelor's share, cost of living) and FBI UCR violent-crime rates when published. Higher means a stronger standing on those published figures, not a livability rating, not a recommendation to move, buy, or pick a "best" city. Missing inputs drop out and redistribute weight. How it is calculated.

Violent crime A
36 /100k

FBI UCR violent offenses per 100,000 residents; lower is stronger on this axis.

Household income A-
$110,375

Median household income vs U.S. cities (pop ≥1,000); ACS.

Bachelor's+ share A-
45.1%

Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher; ACS.

Poverty rate B-
4.5%

Share of residents below the poverty line; lower scores better on this axis.

Cost of living F
108.8 index

BEA state Regional Price Parities index (100 ≈ national average); lower is stronger on this axis. Same value for every city in the state.

Butler profile (scored ACS/FBI dimensions) 5-axis radar comparing 1 series across Violent crime, Household income, Bachelor's+ share, Poverty rate, Cost of living. Violent crimeHousehold incomeBachelor's+ sharePoverty rateCost of living 66 B-
Butler profile (scored ACS/FBI dimensions)
Read the chart values
  • Violent crime: 88/100 (A) · 36 /100k
  • Household income: 81/100 (A-) · $110,375
  • Bachelor's+ share: 80/100 (A-) · 45.1%
  • Poverty rate: 69/100 (B-) · 4.5%
  • Cost of living: 10/100 (F) · 108.8 index

Where Butler sits on home value vs crime among peer cities

Butler's median home value and FBI crime rate plotted with similar-size and same-state peers (padded with large cities when the peer set is thin). The second read: pricey does not always mean safer, check which quadrant this city lands in.

Census ACS median home value vs FBI UCR crime rate - Butler highlighted among 26 peers. 2×2 strategic matrix plotting 26 entities by Median home value ($) (X) and Crime rate (per 100k, lower = safer) (Y), with a crosshair dividing the plot into four quadrants. Pricier, lower crimeAffordable, lower crimePricier, higher crimeAffordable, higher crime $0$500,000$1,000,000$1,500,000 02,0004,0006,0008,000 Median home value ($) Crime rate (per 100k, lower = safer)
Census ACS median home value vs FBI UCR crime rate - Butler highlighted among 26 peers.
Read the chart values
  • Butler, NJ (this city): home $425,900, crime 539/100k
  • Sunnyvale, TX : home $540,500, crime 1,277/100k
  • Brazil, IN : home $105,900, crime 2,492/100k
  • Wyoming, MN : home $328,900, crime 626/100k
  • Spotswood, NJ : home $359,000, crime 874/100k
  • Raritan, NJ : home $449,200, crime 892/100k
  • New York, NY : home $751,700, crime 3,039/100k
  • Los Angeles, CA : home $879,500, crime 2,212/100k
  • Chicago, IL : home $315,200, crime 4,012/100k
  • Houston, TX : home $253,400, crime 5,442/100k
  • Phoenix, AZ : home $381,900, crime 3,125/100k
  • Philadelphia, PA : home $232,400, crime 5,457/100k
  • San Antonio, TX : home $219,700, crime 5,218/100k
  • San Diego, CA : home $848,500, crime 2,082/100k
  • Dallas, TX : home $295,300, crime 4,010/100k
  • San Jose, CA : home $1,187,800, crime 3,195/100k
  • Austin, TX : home $512,700, crime 3,709/100k
  • Fort Worth, TX : home $277,300, crime 3,158/100k
  • Columbus, OH : home $234,500, crime 3,088/100k
  • Indianapolis, IN : home $207,000, crime 4,214/100k
  • San Francisco, CA : home $1,380,500, crime 4,526/100k
  • Seattle, WA : home $912,100, crime 5,783/100k
  • Denver, CO : home $586,700, crime 5,755/100k
  • Oklahoma City, OK : home $215,100, crime 3,570/100k
  • El Paso, TX : home $171,700, crime 1,772/100k
  • Washington, DC : home $724,600, crime 4,514/100k

How does Butler compare to other US cities?

Here's how Butler stacks up against the full field of US cities (population 1,000+), computed live from Census and FBI data.

Household income 83% higher than other cities
Home value 79% pricier than other cities
Median rent 94% pricier than other cities
Safety 83% safer than other cities

"Safer than" reflects total crime rate from FBI UCR; the others use Census ACS estimates.

A national percentile can hide a lot of local variation: narrowed to New Jersey alone, Butler ranks #60 of 238 New Jersey cities by lowest crime rate - a different, more locally useful comparison than stacking it against the entire country.

How we calculate these percentiles & ranks

Each percentile compares Butler against every qualifying US city; each in-state rank narrows that to New Jersey only. Full formula and direction notes: methodology.

New Jersey-relative analysis

Median Gross Rent places Butler near the bottom of New Jersey's cities

Among the 686 New Jersey cities PlainCities tracks with reported median gross rent data, Butler ranks #1 - the 0th percentile within the state. This is a different, narrower cut than the nationwide percentiles above: it compares Butler only against its own state's cities, not the full US field.

Median Household Income
#295 of 659
55th percentile in New Jersey
Median Gross Rent
#1 of 686
0th percentile in New Jersey
Median Home Value
#295 of 672
56th percentile in New Jersey
Poverty Rate
#257 of 680
61st percentile in New Jersey
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
#315 of 686
54th percentile in New Jersey
How in-state ranks are ordered

Ranked by raw value (highest first); a higher rank is not automatically "better" for every measure, see each metric's own context above. This is a comparison within New Jersey only, not a livability score. See the methodology for the source and calculation.

83rdIncome percentile
83rdSafety percentile
Gauge source note

83rd percentile nationally for median household income · 83rd percentile for safety (lower crime rate). Source: Census ACS 2023 / FBI UCR 2023.

Butler's profile vs. every US city

Income, affordability, and safety percentile

Butler's percentile rank on 3 favorable-direction measures (income, affordability, safety) vs. every tracked US city -- higher on every axis is more favorable. Not a composite quality score, just the arithmetic mean of the axes shown. 3-axis radar comparing 1 series across Income, Affordability, Safety. IncomeAffordabilitySafety 60 Avg. percentile National median
Butler's percentile rank on 3 favorable-direction measures (income, affordability, safety) vs. every tracked US city -- higher on every axis is more favorable. Not a composite quality score, just the arithmetic mean of the axes shown.

How Butler's home value compares nationally

Median home value vs. every US city (population 1,000+)

$425,900 21st percentile more affordable than 21% of 15,600 US cities

Show national distribution $0–$25,000: 5 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $25,000–$50,000: 54 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $50,000–$75,000: 352 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $75,000–$100,000: 1,086 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $100,000–$125,000: 1,516 US cities (10%). Below this entry. $125,000–$150,000: 1,170 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $150,000–$175,000: 1,278 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $175,000–$200,000: 1,229 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $200,000–$225,000: 1,035 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $225,000–$250,000: 976 US cities (6%). Below this entry. $250,000–$275,000: 754 US cities (5%). Below this entry. $275,000–$300,000: 712 US cities (5%). Below this entry. $300,000–$325,000: 521 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $325,000–$350,000: 526 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $350,000–$375,000: 465 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $375,000–$400,000: 393 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $400,000–$425,000: 317 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $425,000–$450,000: 300 US cities (2%). This entry sits in this band. $450,000–$475,000: 307 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $475,000–$500,000: 250 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $500,000–$525,000: 160 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $525,000–$550,000: 156 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $550,000–$575,000: 172 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $575,000–$600,000: 172 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $600,000–$625,000: 163 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $625,000–$650,000: 167 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $650,000–$675,000: 135 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $675,000–$700,000: 101 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $700,000–$725,000: 95 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $725,000–$750,000: 71 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $750,000–$775,000: 65 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $775,000–$800,000: 70 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $800,000–$825,000: 57 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $825,000–$850,000: 67 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $850,000–$875,000: 60 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $875,000–$900,000: 58 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $900,000–$925,000: 47 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $925,000–$950,000: 37 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $950,000–$975,000: 31 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $975,000–$1,000,000: 470 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $1,000,000–$1,025,000: 0 US cities (0%). Above this entry. Butler $0 $1,025,000 every US city, bucketed by value

Each bar is a $25K-wide band; taller bars hold more US cities. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2023

Butler's home-value-to-income ratio: 3.9×

ACS median home value divided by median household income.

Band
moderate
3.0–5.0×
National rank
#10,249 of 15,516
More affordable than 34% of tracked cities (pop. 1,000+)
Size class
#8,073 of 11,323
Micro cities (under 10,000)

At 3.9×, Butler sits in the moderate band: national rank #10,249 of 15,516 and #8,073 of 11,323micro cities (under 10,000). Income and home value move in the same broad scale; check same-state peers before treating the multiple as an advantage or a warning.

How this ratio is calculated

Ratio = Census ACS 2023 median home value ÷ median household income for cities with both fields and population ≥ 1,000. Rank 1 = lowest ratio (most compact). Bands match the fleet affordability thresholds used on guides (<3.0 / 3.0–5.0 / >5.0). This is not a mortgage payment estimate and does not include rates, taxes, insurance, or down payment.

Income distribution context

$110,375 Butler, NJ median household income (Census ACS)

Show U.S. national quintile / Lorenz context Household income distribution - Butler, NJ Butler, NJ's median household income ($110,375) against the U.S. national quintile-share pattern. The Lorenz curve and quintile bars are national context, not Butler, NJ-specific shares. $ Household Income Distribution Butler, NJ median $110,375/yr, vs. U.S. national quintile pattern QUINTILE SHARE OF AGGREGATE INCOME Lowest 20% 3.4% Second 20% 9.2% Middle 20% 15.1% Fourth 20% 23.2% Top 20% 49.1% LORENZ CURVE cumulative income vs. population 100% 0% 100% pop. 0%
Butler, NJ median household income (Census ACS 5-year) with U.S. national quintile shares for context. Diagonal = equality; the curve is national, not computed for Butler, NJ.

Key socioeconomic indicators

Bachelor's degree or higher (adults 25+) 45.1%

Census ACS S1501, educational attainment

Poverty rate (households below FPL) 4.5%

Census ACS S1701, poverty status

Labor force participation (adults 16+) 69.0%

Census ACS S2301, share of working-age residents in the labor force

Population
8,072
Median Income
$110,375
Median Home Value
$425,900
Median Age
40.9
Poverty Rate
4.5%
Labor force participation
69.0%
Bachelor's Degree+
45.1%

Safety & Crime

Total Crime Rate
539.2
per 100,000 residents
Violent Crime
35.9
per 100,000 residents
Property Crime
503.2
per 100,000 residents
Crime reporting caveat

Reflects incidents reported to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program — agency participation is voluntary and reporting completeness varies by jurisdiction and year, so this reflects reporting activity, not a definitive danger score. Not adjusted for tourism, commuter, or daytime population.

Schools

Total Schools
3
Public schools in this city

Population Change

PEP vintage

Annual U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP) estimates, 2020–2025

See the fastest-growing cities →
7,900 residents8,000 residents8,100 residents8,200 residents8,300 residents 202020212022202320242025 8,005 residents 8,184 residents ▲ +2.2%
Butler's Census PEP population estimates, 2020–2025.
Read the chart as text
Period Population
2020 8,005 residents
2021 8,111 residents
2022 8,105 residents
2023 8,160 residents
2024 8,161 residents
2025 8,184 residents

Housing Supply

BPS source

Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS) - annual residential permits authorized

📉 Construction Slowdown
Total Permits (2024)
2
housing units authorized
Single-Family
2
detached homes
Multifamily
0
apartments & condos
Supply Intensity
0.2
permits per 1,000 residents

5-Year Permit Trend (2019–2024)

Year Total
2019 16
2020 1
2021 2
2022 0
2023 3
2024 2

Permit volume decreased 87% from 2019 to 2024.

Commute Patterns

Commute source

How workers travel to work, Census ACS 2023

Drive Alone
72.1%
Carpool
4.9%
Public Transit
5.7%
Walk
0.3%
Work from Home
16.3%
Other
0.7%

Based on 4,621 workers 16 and over.

Monthly Utility Costs

New Jersey statewide monthly utility average (EIA 2023): $275

EIA 2023 residential energy data puts average monthly utilities across New Jersey at $275 (electricity about $120 , water and sewer about $60 ).

These are New Jersey statewide averages, not a meter reading for Butler. Actual bills vary by home size, usage, and local rates. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023.

Living Costs & Risk

New Jersey's BEA cost-of-living index is 108.8 (Well Above Average; US average = 100, RPP 2024). HUD Fair Market Rent for a typical two-bedroom in the county around Butler is $2,132/mo. FEMA's National Risk Index, averaged to New Jersey statewide on PlainCities, rates natural-hazard exposure at 90.8 / 100 (Very High).

Cost/risk geography note

Cost of living is a New Jersey statewide BEA average; rent is a county-level HUD Fair Market Rent for the county Butler sits in; the FEMA hazard score shown here is a statewide average of county NRI inputs, not a parcel-level reading.

How Butler compares to similar-size New Jersey cities

Same-state peer method

Closest same-state population matches, not geographic neighbors. Population + median household income come from Census Bureau ACS 5-year B01001 and B19013.

City Population Median Household Income
Butler (this city) 8,072 $110,375
Atco 8,037 $101,976
Fort Dix 8,034 $98,259
Spotswood 8,112 $101,388
FBI UCR NCES CCD Census BPS 2024
Primary sources on this page

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year 2023, FBI UCR, NCES CCD, Census BPS 2024, Census ACS B08301/B08136, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023, BEA Regional Price Parities 2024, HUD Fair Market Rents 2026, FEMA National Risk Index.

Citation & verification links Data sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainCities

Primary sources: Census ACS, FBI UCR, NOAA Climate Normals, NCES. Joins use OMB Bulletin 23-01 / FIPS keys.

Browse all city profiles → · Explore city rankings →

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Estimate caveats

ACS and UCR figures are citywide estimates with vintage lags; they do not replace a local visit, school visit, or insurance quote.

Editorial standards, provenance, and how to cite this page

Every figure on PlainCities is rendered directly from Census ACS source data, no number is typed in by an editor. This page draws directly on Census ACS source data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.

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