City profile · Ohio · Census ACS 2023

Bay, OH

Population, income, housing, safety, climate and schools for Bay - drawn straight from Census ACS, FBI UCR, NOAA, NCES, HUD and FEMA, refreshed on the 2024–2025 release cycle.

15,992
Residents
$122,083
Median income
$332,500
Median home
$1,279
Median rent (state)

Bay - the verdict

Out of every US city with 1,000+ residents, Bay places in the 88th percentile for household income. Source: Census ACS.

88th
percentile, household income
70th
percentile, home value
44th
percentile, median rent
📝 How we sourced this

Population, income, and housing-cost figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates (B-series tables). Crime data uses FBI UCR; climate uses NOAA Climate Normals; school counts come from NCES Common Core of Data; permits use the Census Building Permits Survey (BPS). See our methodology page for the full ETL pipeline and OMB / FIPS join keys.

Data Snapshot: Bay, OH

Bay is a small town in Ohio, home to 15,992 residents per U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. Bay households earn a median of $122,083 annually, placing it in the top quartile of U.S. cities for household income, with a poverty rate of 2.0%. Bay's housing stock carries a median value of $332,500, and the median resident age is 43.3 years. 66.4% of adults here have a bachelor's degree or higher; 65.1% of working-age residents are in the labor force.

In 2024, 12 residential building permits were authorized in Bay (Stable), up 0% from five years earlier, per Census BPS data.

Living costs in Ohio run below the national norm: BEA Regional Price Parities 2024 puts Ohio at 92.8 on a 100-equals-national-average scale (Below Average). HUD Fair Market Rent for a typical two-bedroom in this state is $1,279 per month. Monthly utility costs average around $228 across Ohio, per EIA 2023 residential energy estimates. Workers in Bay report an average commute of 18.2 minutes, with 70.0% driving alone and 24.1% working from home. On FEMA's National Risk Index, this area rates 86.3 out of 100 for natural-hazard exposure (Very High).

Population

15,992 residents

Census ACS 2023 - Ohio

Median Household Income

$122,083 /yr

Poverty 2.0%

Cost of Living Index (state)

92.8 (US=100)

Below Average - BEA RPP 2024, Ohio average

How does Bay compare to other US cities?

Bay measured against every US city with 1,000+ residents, computed live from the same Census and FBI data shown throughout this page.

Household income 88% higher than other cities
Home value 70% pricier than other cities
Median rent 44% pricier than other cities

"Safer than" reflects total crime rate from FBI UCR; the others use Census ACS estimates.

How we calculate these percentiles & ranks

Each percentile compares Bay against every qualifying US city; each in-state rank narrows that to Ohio only. Full formula and direction notes: methodology.

Ohio-relative analysis

Bachelor's Degree or Higher is Bay's strongest outlier among Ohio cities

Among the 1,196 Ohio cities PlainCities tracks with reported bachelor's degree or higher data, Bay ranks #52 - the 96th percentile within the state. This is a different, narrower cut than the nationwide percentiles above: it compares Bay only against its own state's cities, not the full US field.

Median Household Income
#78 of 1,145
93rd percentile in Ohio
Median Gross Rent
#254 of 1,196
69th percentile in Ohio
Median Home Value
#84 of 1,164
93rd percentile in Ohio
Poverty Rate
#944 of 1,196
21st percentile in Ohio
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
#52 of 1,196
96th percentile in Ohio

Ranked by raw value (highest first); a higher rank is not automatically "better" for every measure, see each metric's own context above. This is a comparison within Ohio only, not a livability score. See the methodology for the source and calculation.

88thIncome percentile

88th percentile nationally for median household income. Source: Census ACS 2023 / FBI UCR 2023.

How Bay's home value compares nationally

Median home value vs. every US city (population 1,000+)

$332,500 30th percentile more affordable than 30% of 15,600 US cities

$0–$25,000: 5 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $25,000–$50,000: 54 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $50,000–$75,000: 352 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $75,000–$100,000: 1,086 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $100,000–$125,000: 1,516 US cities (10%). Below this entry. $125,000–$150,000: 1,170 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $150,000–$175,000: 1,278 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $175,000–$200,000: 1,229 US cities (8%). Below this entry. $200,000–$225,000: 1,035 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $225,000–$250,000: 976 US cities (6%). Below this entry. $250,000–$275,000: 754 US cities (5%). Below this entry. $275,000–$300,000: 712 US cities (5%). Below this entry. $300,000–$325,000: 521 US cities (3%). Below this entry. $325,000–$350,000: 526 US cities (3%). This entry sits in this band. $350,000–$375,000: 465 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $375,000–$400,000: 393 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $400,000–$425,000: 317 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $425,000–$450,000: 300 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $450,000–$475,000: 307 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $475,000–$500,000: 250 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $500,000–$525,000: 160 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $525,000–$550,000: 156 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $550,000–$575,000: 172 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $575,000–$600,000: 172 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $600,000–$625,000: 163 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $625,000–$650,000: 167 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $650,000–$675,000: 135 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $675,000–$700,000: 101 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $700,000–$725,000: 95 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $725,000–$750,000: 71 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $750,000–$775,000: 65 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $775,000–$800,000: 70 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $800,000–$825,000: 57 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $825,000–$850,000: 67 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $850,000–$875,000: 60 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $875,000–$900,000: 58 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $900,000–$925,000: 47 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $925,000–$950,000: 37 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $950,000–$975,000: 31 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $975,000–$1,000,000: 470 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $1,000,000–$1,025,000: 0 US cities (0%). Above this entry. Bay $0 $1,025,000 every US city, bucketed by value

Each bar is a $25K-wide band; taller bars hold more US cities. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2023

Income distribution context

Household income distribution - Bay, OH Bay, OH's reported median household income shown against the U.S. national quintile-share pattern (not Bay, OH-specific quintile data). The Lorenz curve traces the national cumulative income share against cumulative population share, perfect equality is the diagonal; observed inequality bows below. $ Household Income Distribution Bay, OH median $122,083/yr, vs. U.S. national quintile pattern QUINTILE SHARE OF AGGREGATE INCOME Lowest 20% 3.4% Second 20% 9.2% Middle 20% 15.1% Fourth 20% 23.2% Top 20% 49.1% LORENZ CURVE cumulative income vs. population 100% 0% 100% pop. 0%
Bay, OH's median household income (Census ACS 5-year estimate) plotted against the U.S. national income-quintile distribution pattern for context; the quintile shares and Lorenz curve are national figures, not computed specifically for Bay, OH. Diagonal = perfect equality.

Key socioeconomic indicators

Bachelor's degree or higher (adults 25+) 66.4%

Census ACS S1501, educational attainment

Poverty rate (households below FPL) 2.0%

Census ACS S1701, poverty status

Labor force participation (adults 16+) 65.1%

Census ACS S2301, share of working-age residents in the labor force

Population
15,992
Median Income
$122,083
Median Home Value
$332,500
Median Age
43.3
Poverty Rate
2.0%
Labor force participation
65.1%
Bachelor's Degree+
66.4%

Population Change

Annual U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP) estimates, 2020–2025

See the fastest-growing cities →
15,600 residents15,800 residents16,000 residents16,200 residents 202020212022202320242025 16,134 residents 15,792 residents ▼ -2.1%
Bay's Census PEP population estimates, 2020–2025.

Housing Supply

Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS) - annual residential permits authorized

🏗️ Stable
Total Permits (2024)
12
housing units authorized
Single-Family
12
detached homes
Multifamily
0
apartments & condos
Supply Intensity
0.8
permits per 1,000 residents

5-Year Permit Trend (2019–2024)

Year Total
2019 12
2020 18
2021 20
2022 13
2023 11
2024 12

Permit volume increased 0% from 2019 to 2024.

Commute Patterns

How workers travel to work, Census ACS 2023

Average Commute Time
18.2 minutes
Drive Alone
70.0%
Carpool
2.6%
Public Transit
0.4%
Walk
1.0%
Work from Home
24.1%
Other
1.9%

Based on 7,855 workers 16 and over.

Monthly Utility Costs

State-average estimates for Ohio - EIA 2023 residential energy data

Electricity
$105
avg/month
Natural Gas
$78
avg/month
Water & Sewer
$45
avg/month
Total Utilities
$228
estimated/month

Estimates reflect Ohio state averages. Actual costs vary by home size, usage, and local rates. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023.

Living Costs & Risk

Cost of living is a Ohio state average from BEA; rent and hazard risk are county-level figures from HUD and FEMA for the county Bay sits in

Cost of Living Index
92.8
Below Average
US average = 100 · BEA RPP 2024
Typical 2-BR Rent
$1,279/mo
HUD Fair Market Rent
County-level FMR estimate
Natural Hazard Risk
86.3 / 100
Very High
FEMA NRI composite score (county)

Similar Cities in Ohio

Fremont
15,851 people
Middleburg Heights
15,817 people
Mount Vernon
16,802 people
Defiance
16,830 people
Vandalia
15,100 people
Monroe
15,024 people

Cities of a Similar Size Nationwide

Population-matched peers from other states, closest to Bay's 15,992 residents (Census ACS 5-Year 2023).

Seven Oaks, SC
15,990 people
Marco Island, FL
15,998 people
La Grange, IL
15,999 people
Troutdale, OR
16,000 people
Pewaukee, WI
16,002 people
Highland, TX
16,004 people

Cities with a Similar Household Income Nationwide

Median-household-income-matched peers from other states, closest to Bay's $122,083 (Census ACS 5-Year 2023, table B19013).

Stone Ridge, NY
$122,109 median income
Claremont, CA
$122,127 median income
Thompson's Station, TN
$122,139 median income
Matawan, NJ
$122,026 median income
Langhorne Manor, PA
$122,143 median income
Kent Estates, IA
$122,014 median income

Race & Ethnicity Composition

Race and ethnicity - Bay, OH Race categories sum to one hundred percent per Census methodology. Hispanic or Latino is shown separately as an ethnicity overlay; it cuts across all race categories per OMB Directive 15. Race & Ethnicity Composition Bay, OH - Census ACS, OMB race + ethnicity categories RACE, sums to 100% 92.7% ETHNICITY, Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2.8% White 92.7% Black or African American 0.8% Asian 0.9% American Indian 0.2% Native Hawaiian 0.0% Some other race 1.2% Two or more races 4.3% Per OMB Directive 15: Hispanic/Latino ethnicity is reported separately from the race categories.
Race categories sum to 100%. Hispanic or Latino ethnicity is reported separately and cuts across race per Census/OMB methodology.

City-level race and ethnicity, Census ACS 5-year 2023 (tables B02001, B03001), OMB Directive 15 categories.

How Bay compares to nearby Ohio cities

Population + median household income, sourced from Census Bureau ACS 5-year B01001 (population) and B19013 (median household income).

City Population Median Household Income
Bay (this city) 15,992 $122,083
Fremont 15,851 $50,974
Middleburg Heights 15,817 $78,324
Mount Vernon 16,802 $54,335
Census ACS 5-year FIPS OH Census BPS 2024 OMB Bulletin 23-01

What do people ask about Bay, OH?

What is the population of Bay, OH? +

15,992 people live in Bay, OH according to U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates.

What is the median household income in Bay, OH? +

Bay households earn a median of $122,083 annually, based on Census ACS 2023 data.

What is the cost of living in Bay? +

BEA does not publish a city-level cost-of-living figure for Bay; the closest available measure is the Ohio state average, a cost of living index of 92.8 (U.S. average = 100), rated "Below Average" based on BEA Regional Price Parities 2024 data. Costs within Ohio vary by metro area.

What is the median home value in Bay, OH? +

Homes in Bay carry a median value of $332,500, according to Census ACS 2023 estimates.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year 2023, Census BPS 2024, Census ACS B08301/B08136, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023, BEA Regional Price Parities 2024, HUD Fair Market Rents 2026, FEMA National Risk Index.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Primary sources: Census ACS, FBI UCR, NOAA Climate Normals, NCES.

Citation & verification links Data sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainCities

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Every figure on PlainCities is rendered directly from Census ACS source data, no number is typed in by an editor. This page draws directly on Census ACS source data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.