City · Virginia
Richmond, Virginia
Richmond, city, in Richmond city, Virginia. Richmond had 237,257 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 4.7% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 226,610 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 229,359 (controlled total). GEOID 5167000.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
237,257
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 226,610 · ACS 2020-2024: 229,359
Median household income
$64,587
±$1,911 (90% margin)
Virginia: $93,170
Median home value
$353,000
±$7,576 (90% margin)
Virginia: $383,700
Median gross rent
$1,372
±$20 (90% margin)
Virginia: $1,579
Where is Richmond and what county is it in?
Richmond is a city in Richmond city, Virginia. It covers 59.9 square miles of land, 3,782 residents per square mile in 2020.
Richmond is in the Richmond, VA metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 17 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Richmond covers the same area as Richmond city: the city and the county are one area, so the county's figures are Richmond's; the county page lists its census tracts.
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Richmond, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 237,257 people lived in Richmond on July 1, 2025, up 4.7% since 2020, faster than Virginia (+2.9%). The 2020 Census counted 226,610 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 229,359.
| Measure | Richmond | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 229,359 | 8,705,170 | +2,737 |
| Households | 104,321 ±766 | 3,365,732 | +14,020 |
| Average household size | 2.10 ±0.02 | 2.52 | −0.29 |
| Housing units | 114,293 ±103 | 3,684,756 | +13,835 |
Richmond's population since 2000
From 197,790 in 2000 to 237,257 in 2025: up 20.0%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Richmond as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Richmond?
The median resident of Richmond is 34.7 years old; 17.5% are under 18 and 14.1% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 41.4%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 40.6%. 8.4% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Richmond | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 34.7 ±0.1 | 39.0 | +0.7 |
| Under 18 years | 17.5% ±0.1 pts | 21.7% | – |
| 65 years and over | 14.1% ±0.1 pts | 16.7% | – |
| Male | 47.4% ±0.1 pts | 49.4% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 10.7% | 11.0% | +3.8 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 41.4% ±0.2 pts | 58.4% | +0.6 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 40.6% ±0.5 pts | 18.3% | −6.0 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 2.1% ±0.1 pts | 6.9% | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.1 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.6% ±0.5 pts | 4.7% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.5% ±0.2 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 8.4% ±0.6 pts | 13.1% | +1.4 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 12.1% ±0.6 pts | 17.4% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 5.4% ±0.4 pts | 9.4% | – |
| With a disability | 14.2% ±0.7 pts | 12.5% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 8.8% ±0.7 pts | 6.9% | −3.2 pts |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 90.2% ±0.8 pts | 91.6% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 45.6% ±0.8 pts | 42.2% | +6.0 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 18.9% ±0.8 pts | 18.5% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 81.6% ±1.0 pts | 86.9% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.9% ±0.4 pts | 3.1% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Richmond earn?
Half of Richmond's 104,321 households earn less than $64,587 a year (±$1,911), against $64,587 in Richmond city and $93,170 in Virginia. In 2015-2019 the median was $58,150 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $6,437 after inflation. 18.2% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Richmond | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $64,587 ±$1,911 | $93,170 | +$6,437 |
| Mean household income | $97,172 ±$2,372 | $128,260 | – |
| Per capita income | $45,790 ±$1,069 | $50,666 | +$4,501 |
| People below the poverty line | 18.2% ±1.2 pts | 9.9% | −5.0 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 28.1% ±3.8 pts | 12.3% | −8.9 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 15.1% ±1.0 pts | 9.1% | – |
| Households with a computer | 94.4% ±0.6 pts | 95.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 86.2% ±0.9 pts | 91.0% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Richmond?
Owners occupy 43.5% of Richmond's occupied homes and renters 56.5%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $353,000 by its owner (±$7,576). The median renter pays $1,372 a month including utilities, and 43.0% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Richmond | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $353,000 ±$7,576 | $383,700 | +$69,325 |
| Median gross rent | $1,372 ±$20 | $1,579 | +$111 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 43.0% ±1.9 pts | 39.4% | −3.0 pts |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,920 ±$48 | $2,127 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 43.5% ±1.0 pts | 67.3% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 56.5% ±1.0 pts | 32.7% | – |
| Housing units | 114,293 ±103 | 3,684,756 | +13,835 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.9% ±0.3 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 6.1% ±0.8 pts | 4.8% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 44.5% ±1.1 pts | 61.3% | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.6% ±0.3 pts | 4.3% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 2.0% ±0.3 pts | 1.7% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 9.0% ±0.9 pts | 9.9% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 28.4% ±0.9 pts | 7.0% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 13.0% ±0.8 pts | 6.1% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Richmond building?
Builders took permits for 2,681 new housing units in Richmond in 2025 (368 in single-family houses), 11.3 per 1,000 residents against 3.7 across Virginia.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Richmond work and get to work?
63.0% of Richmond's workers drive alone and 19.5% work from home. The average trip to work takes 21.7 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 5.7%.
| Measure | Richmond | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 68.3% ±0.8 pts | 65.4% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 5.7% ±0.6 pts | 4.3% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 63.0% ±1.2 pts | 67.6% | – |
| Carpooled | 7.9% ±0.9 pts | 8.0% | – |
| Public transportation | 2.9% ±0.5 pts | 2.3% | – |
| Walked | 4.5% ±0.5 pts | 2.1% | – |
| Worked from home | 19.5% ±0.9 pts | 18.3% | +14.9 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 21.7 min ±0.6 | 27.3 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Richmond?
75 census tracts lie mostly in Richmond (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $20,107 (Tract 301) to $236,563 (Tract 506).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 707Richmond city | 7,708 | $65,455 |
| Tract 706.01Richmond city | 6,872 | $36,818 |
| Tract 604Richmond city | 5,748 | $51,071 |
| Tract 701Richmond city | 5,705 | $94,938 |
| Tract 607Richmond city | 5,433 | $34,944 |
| Tract 709.01Richmond city | 5,232 | $78,715 |
| Tract 711Richmond city | 4,957 | $64,393 |
| Tract 708.03Richmond city | 4,930 | $35,074 |
| Tract 108Richmond city | 4,879 | $70,262 |
| Tract 505Richmond city | 4,861 | $136,750 |
| Tract 710.02Richmond city | 4,184 | $66,389 |
| Tract 403Richmond city | 4,123 | $19,837 |
Every census tract in Richmond: the tract table of Richmond city
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Richmond) · Census block assignment files
How does Richmond compare with other places in Virginia?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Richmond is the 96th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 3rd-most populous of 227 in Virginia.
Richmond ranks 252nd of 365 places in Virginia with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 3rd | 227 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 31st | 139 |
| Residents per square mile | 66th | 374 |
| Median household income | 252nd | 365 |
| Per capita income | 152nd | 374 |
| Median home value | 172nd | 359 |
| Median gross rent | 176th | 341 |
| Poverty rate | 60th | 263 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 138th | 359 |
| Median age | 308th | 372 |
| Owner-occupied share | 335th | 368 |
| Work from home | 130th | 286 |
| Travel time to work | 283rd | 372 |
Richmond's figures with every place in Virginia (CSV)
Every place in Virginia, sortable · Compare Richmond with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Richmond?
2 of the 57 figures for Richmond on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Richmond are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Richmond.