City · California
Oakland, California
Oakland, city, in Alameda County, California. Oakland had 440,838 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, down 0.0% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 440,646 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 439,418 (±102). GEOID 0653000.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
440,838
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 440,646 · ACS 2020-2024: 439,418 ±102
Median household income
$101,600
±$2,146 (90% margin)
California: $99,122
Median home value
$929,900
±$12,301 (90% margin)
California: $734,700
Median gross rent
$1,979
±$29 (90% margin)
California: $2,036
Where is Oakland and what county is it in?
Oakland is a city in Alameda County, California. It covers 56.0 square miles of land, 7,874 residents per square mile in 2020.
Oakland is in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 5 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Oakland, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 440,838 people lived in Oakland on July 1, 2025, about level with 2020, a smaller fall than California's (−0.5%). The 2020 Census counted 440,646 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 439,418 (±102).
| Measure | Oakland | Alameda County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 439,418 ±102 | 1,649,473 | +14,321 |
| Households | 176,584 ±1,643 | 598,246 | +14,165 |
| Average household size | 2.45 ±0.02 | 2.70 | −0.13 |
| Housing units | 191,713 ±1,540 | 637,212 | +18,413 |
Oakland's population since 2000
From 399,484 in 2000 to 440,838 in 2025: up 10.4%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Oakland as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Oakland?
The median resident of Oakland is 37.9 years old; 18.9% are under 18 and 14.7% are 65 or older. The largest group is Hispanic or Latino residents (of any race) at 28.7%, then non-Hispanic white residents at 27.8%. 27.5% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Oakland | Alameda County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 37.9 ±0.4 | 39.0 | +1.4 |
| Under 18 years | 18.9% ±0.4 pts | 19.8% | – |
| 65 years and over | 14.7% ±0.4 pts | 15.4% | – |
| Male | 49.6% ±0.4 pts | 49.6% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 28.7% ±0.7 pts | 23.4% | +1.7 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 27.8% ±0.6 pts | 27.4% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 19.7% ±0.6 pts | 9.3% | −3.5 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 15.7% ±0.5 pts | 32.7% | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.3% ±0.1 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.4% ±0.1 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 6.6% ±0.4 pts | 5.6% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.9% ±0.2 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 27.5% ±0.7 pts | 34.7% | no clear change |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 40.3% ±0.7 pts | 47.2% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 2.9% ±0.2 pts | 3.0% | – |
| With a disability | 12.2% ±0.4 pts | 10.3% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 5.6% ±0.4 pts | 4.0% | −2.3 pts |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 84.8% ±0.6 pts | 88.8% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 48.7% ±0.7 pts | 52.2% | +4.7 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 22.0% ±0.6 pts | 23.4% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 87.3% ±0.6 pts | 87.9% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.0% ±0.2 pts | 1.2% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Oakland earn?
Half of Oakland's 176,584 households earn less than $101,600 a year (±$2,146), against $129,367 in Alameda County and $99,122 in California. In 2015-2019 the median was $90,692 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $10,908 after inflation. 13.4% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Oakland | Alameda County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $101,600 ±$2,146 | $129,367 | +$10,908 |
| Mean household income | $149,718 ±$2,702 | $177,144 | – |
| Per capita income | $61,757 ±$1,141 | $65,862 | +$8,602 |
| People below the poverty line | 13.4% ±0.7 pts | 9.2% | −3.3 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 16.6% ±1.6 pts | 8.8% | −8.2 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 15.3% ±0.9 pts | 9.9% | – |
| Households with a computer | 96.0% ±0.4 pts | 97.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 91.6% ±0.5 pts | 94.4% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Oakland?
Owners occupy 42.3% of Oakland's occupied homes and renters 57.7%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $929,900 by its owner (±$12,301). The median renter pays $1,979 a month including utilities, and 42.3% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Oakland | Alameda County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $929,900 ±$12,301 | $1,090,100 | +$83,921 |
| Median gross rent | $1,979 ±$29 | $2,357 | +$201 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 42.3% ±1.5 pts | 41.8% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $3,684 ±$64 | $3,810 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 42.3% ±0.7 pts | 54.4% | +1.6 pts |
| Renter-occupied homes | 57.7% ±0.7 pts | 45.6% | – |
| Housing units | 191,713 ±1,540 | 637,212 | +18,413 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.9% ±0.3 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 6.0% ±0.6 pts | 5.7% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 41.5% ±0.7 pts | 51.0% | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.6% ±0.1 pts | 1.3% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 1.5% ±0.2 pts | 1.4% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 5.9% ±0.4 pts | 6.8% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 37.2% ±0.7 pts | 19.6% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 16.2% ±0.7 pts | 10.0% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Oakland building?
Builders took permits for 362 new housing units in Oakland in 2025 (78 in single-family houses), 0.8 per 1,000 residents against 2.6 across California.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Oakland work and get to work?
46.9% of Oakland's workers drive alone and 26.5% work from home. The average trip to work takes 29.8 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 6.4%.
| Measure | Oakland | Alameda County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 68.7% ±0.7 pts | 66.9% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 6.4% ±0.4 pts | 5.4% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 46.9% ±1.0 pts | 52.6% | – |
| Carpooled | 7.6% ±0.5 pts | 8.3% | – |
| Public transportation | 12.5% ±0.6 pts | 7.7% | – |
| Walked | 2.9% ±0.3 pts | 2.8% | – |
| Worked from home | 26.5% ±0.8 pts | 25.7% | +19.8 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 29.8 min ±0.4 | 31.0 min | −3.6 min |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Oakland?
116 census tracts lie mostly in Oakland, and 2 more reach into it (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $19,981 (Tract 4028.02) to $250,000 or more (Tract 4051).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 4081Alameda County | 7,745 | $189,891 |
| Tract 4088Alameda County | 7,461 | $42,759 |
| Tract 4087Alameda County | 7,280 | $53,116 |
| Tract 4076Alameda County | 6,771 | $75,132 |
| Tract 4072Alameda County | 6,672 | $75,993 |
| Tract 4010Alameda County | 6,361 | $136,728 |
| Tract 4070Alameda County | 6,290 | $70,956 |
| Tract 4045.02Alameda County | 6,286 | $250,000 or more |
| Tract 4035.01Alameda County | 6,063 | $127,997 |
| Tract 4065Alameda County | 6,046 | $75,969 |
| Tract 4003Alameda County | 5,990 | $176,618 |
| Tract 4086Alameda County | 5,925 | $77,083 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Oakland) · Census block assignment files
How does Oakland compare with other places in California?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Oakland is the 45th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 8th-most populous of 483 in California.
Oakland ranks 431st of 1,037 places in California with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 8th | 483 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 170th | 469 |
| Residents per square mile | 108th | 1,077 |
| Median household income | 431st | 1,037 |
| Per capita income | 258th | 1,073 |
| Median home value | 261st | 1,054 |
| Median gross rent | 417th | 987 |
| Poverty rate | 321st | 836 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 242nd | 988 |
| Median age | 631st | 1,075 |
| Owner-occupied share | 985th | 1,064 |
| Work from home | 173rd | 822 |
| Travel time to work | 402nd | 1,069 |
Oakland's figures with every place in California (CSV)
Every place in California, sortable · Compare Oakland with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Oakland?
Every figure for Oakland on this page has a coefficient of variation under 40%, the Census Bureau's threshold for a usable estimate.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Oakland are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Oakland.