City · Indiana
Madison, Indiana
Madison, city, in Jefferson County, Indiana. Madison had 12,304 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, down 0.4% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 12,357 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 12,223 (±24). GEOID 1845990.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
12,304
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 12,357 · ACS 2020-2024: 12,223 ±24
Median household income
$61,183
±$4,680 (90% margin)
Indiana: $71,957
Median home value
$203,100
±$18,809 (90% margin)
Indiana: $218,200
Median gross rent
$820
±$68 (90% margin)
Indiana: $1,062
Where is Madison and what county is it in?
Madison is a city in Jefferson County, Indiana. It covers 8.6 square miles of land, 1,430 residents per square mile in 2020.
Madison is in the Madison, IN micropolitan statistical area (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Madison lies entirely within Madison Township (Jefferson County), a township with its own local government (2020 census blocks).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Madison, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 12,304 people lived in Madison on July 1, 2025, down 0.4% since 2020, while Indiana grew 2.8%. The 2020 Census counted 12,357 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 12,223 (±24).
| Measure | Madison | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 12,223 ±24 | 32,998 | +410 |
| Households | 4,924 ±269 | 12,790 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 2.29 ±0.12 | 2.42 | +0.25 |
| Housing units | 5,710 ±286 | 14,517 | no clear change |
Madison's population since 2000
From 12,004 in 2000 to 12,304 in 2025: up 2.5%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Madison as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Madison?
The median resident of Madison is 44.4 years old; 18.0% are under 18 and 20.0% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 89.6%, then non-Hispanic residents of two or more races at 2.7%. 1.4% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Madison | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 44.4 ±1.9 | 41.8 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 18.0% ±2.4 pts | 19.9% | – |
| 65 years and over | 20.0% ±2.5 pts | 19.2% | – |
| Male | 43.9% ±2.6 pts | 48.1% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2.0% ±1.2 pts | 3.5% | −3.1 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 89.6% ±2.7 pts | 91.0% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 2.2% ±0.8 pts | 1.0% | −1.9 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 1.3% ±0.9 pts | 0.8% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.2 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.3 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 2.7% ±0.8 pts | 2.7% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 2.1% ±1.8 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 1.4% ±0.9 pts | 1.4% | no clear change |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 2.7% ±1.0 pts | 3.7% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 4.1% ±1.2 pts | 6.2% | – |
| With a disability | 21.2% ±3.5 pts | 19.7% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 7.6% ±2.9 pts | 7.6% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 90.0% ±2.7 pts | 90.0% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 23.8% ±4.4 pts | 19.8% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 11.5% ±3.1 pts | 8.8% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 89.8% ±2.5 pts | 89.8% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.3% ±1.2 pts | 1.6% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Madison earn?
Half of Madison's 4,924 households earn less than $61,183 a year (±$4,680), against $64,577 in Jefferson County and $71,957 in Indiana. In 2015-2019 the median was $49,512 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $11,671 after inflation. 14.9% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Madison | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $61,183 ±$4,680 | $64,577 | +$11,671 |
| Mean household income | $80,224 ±$9,466 | $82,160 | – |
| Per capita income | $33,509 ±$3,912 | $33,000 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 14.9% ±4.6 pts | 12.3% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 16.0% ±10.5 pts | 13.5% | no clear change |
| Households receiving SNAP | 14.3% ±5.2 pts | 10.0% | – |
| Households with a computer | 92.6% ±3.3 pts | 91.9% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 90.9% ±3.6 pts | 86.9% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Madison?
Owners occupy 62.1% of Madison's occupied homes and renters 37.9%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $203,100 by its owner (±$18,809). The median renter pays $820 a month including utilities, and 28.0% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Madison | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $203,100 ±$18,809 | $194,600 | +$39,418 |
| Median gross rent | $820 ±$68 | $890 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 28.0% ±8.7 pts | 27.2% | −13.4 pts |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,201 ±$130 | $1,285 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 62.1% ±6.0 pts | 71.8% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 37.9% ±6.0 pts | 28.2% | – |
| Housing units | 5,710 ±286 | 14,517 | no clear change |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 4.6% ±3.7 pts | 2.4% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 0.0% ±2.0 pts | 0.5% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 58.5% ±5.5 pts | 70.7% | – |
| Mobile homes | 2.5% ±1.8 pts | 10.8% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.0% ±0.7 pts | 1.4% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 3.1% ±1.9 pts | 4.4% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 31.8% ±4.1 pts | 21.1% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 3.8% ±2.0 pts | 3.4% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Madison building?
Builders took permits for 19 new housing units in Madison in 2025 (19 in single-family houses; the permit office reported 1 of 12 months), 1.5 per 1,000 residents against 4.2 across Indiana.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Madison work and get to work?
82.6% of Madison's workers drive alone and 7.3% work from home. The average trip to work takes 19.4 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 5.2%.
| Measure | Madison | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 57.1% ±4.2 pts | 57.8% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 5.2% ±2.1 pts | 4.4% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 82.6% ±4.3 pts | 82.3% | – |
| Carpooled | 8.0% ±3.3 pts | 8.6% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.0% ±0.7 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Walked | 1.6% ±1.1 pts | 2.5% | – |
| Worked from home | 7.3% ±2.9 pts | 5.8% | no clear change |
| Mean travel time to work | 19.4 min ±2.6 | 22.2 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Madison?
3 census tracts lie mostly in Madison, and 2 more reach into it (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $54,550 (Tract 9666) to $63,726 (Tract 9665).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 9665Jefferson County | 5,745 | $63,726 |
| Tract 9664Jefferson County | 5,483 | $61,625 |
| Tract 9666Jefferson County | 2,497 | $54,550 |
| Tract 9660Jefferson County | 4,088 | $59,150 |
| Tract 9661Jefferson County | 6,717 | $71,339 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Madison) · Census block assignment files
How does Madison compare with other places in Indiana?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Madison is the 2,780th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 74th-most populous of 566 in Indiana.
Madison ranks 779th of 1,072 places in Indiana with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 74th | 566 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 839th | 1,056 |
| Residents per square mile | 212th | 1,088 |
| Median household income | 779th | 1,072 |
| Per capita income | 633rd | 1,087 |
| Median home value | 475th | 1,075 |
| Median gross rent | 648th | 904 |
| Poverty rate | 219th | 736 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 384th | 1,029 |
| Median age | 286th | 1,083 |
| Owner-occupied share | 977th | 1,087 |
| Work from home | 380th | 595 |
| Travel time to work | 965th | 1,088 |
Madison's figures with every place in Indiana (CSV)
Every place in Indiana, sortable · Compare Madison with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Madison?
10 of the 57 figures for Madison on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Madison are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Madison.