Town · Massachusetts
Groton, Massachusetts
Groton, town, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Groton had 11,541 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 1.6% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 11,315 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 11,390 (±37). GEOID 2501727480.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
11,541
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 11,315 · ACS 2020-2024: 11,390 ±37
Median household income
$192,958
±$27,062 (90% margin)
Massachusetts: $103,960
Median home value
$743,400
±$46,491 (90% margin)
Massachusetts: $562,100
Median gross rent
$1,458
±$335 (90% margin)
Massachusetts: $1,762
Where is Groton and what county is it in?
Groton is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. It covers 32.8 square miles of land, 345 residents per square mile in 2020.
One place lies inside Groton: Groton (CDP, 1,353 in 2020).
Groton is in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 7 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Groton, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 11,541 people lived in Groton on July 1, 2025, up 1.6% since 2020, in line with Massachusetts (+1.7%). The 2020 Census counted 11,315 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 11,390 (±37).
| Measure | Groton | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 11,390±37 | 1,638,365 | +77 |
| Households | 3,705±217 | 634,215 | −366 |
| Average household size | 2.92±0.17 | 2.49 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 3,818±238 | 664,267 | −441 |
Groton's population since 2000
From 9,547 in 2000 to 11,541 in 2025: up 20.9%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Groton as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Groton?
The median resident of Groton is 41.4 years old; 28.3% are under 18 and 17.3% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 82.0%, then non-Hispanic Asian residents at 6.8%. 12.8% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Groton | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 41.4±2.7 | 38.9 | −4.2 |
| Under 18 years | 28.3%±3.3 pts | 19.5% | – |
| 65 years and over | 17.3%±3.0 pts | 16.3% | – |
| Male | 51.6%±3.1 pts | 49.4% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4.6%±2.9 pts | 9.3% | – |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 82.0%±3.9 pts | 65.1% | −9.0 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 1.7%±1.2 pts | 4.7% | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 6.8%±2.8 pts | 13.6% | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.4 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.4 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.5%±1.8 pts | 5.8% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.4%±0.4 pts | 1.4% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 12.8%±3.2 pts | 23.1% | +7.1 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 10.7%±3.3 pts | 29.1% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 3.7%±1.4 pts | 3.3% | – |
| With a disability | 6.9%±2.1 pts | 9.9% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 0.9%±1.4 pts | 2.4% | – |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 97.7%±1.1 pts | 93.2% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 70.1%±4.5 pts | 59.5% | +5.9 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 32.2%±4.1 pts | 30.5% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 92.0%±3.6 pts | 87.2% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.3%±2.2 pts | 2.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Groton earn?
Half of Groton's 3,705 households earn less than $192,958 a year (±$27,062), against $130,847 in Middlesex County and $103,960 in Massachusetts. In 2015-2019 the median was $158,864 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $34,094 after inflation. 3.8% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Groton | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $192,958±$27,062 | $130,847 | +$34,094 |
| Mean household income | $231,708±$23,626 | $178,070 | – |
| Per capita income | $79,915±$8,357 | $69,556 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 3.8%±1.6 pts | 7.7% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 2.3%±1.9 pts | 7.9% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 3.3%±1.6 pts | 9.3% | – |
| Households with a computer | 98.8%±0.9 pts | 97.0% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 98.4%±1.3 pts | 94.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Groton?
Owners occupy 88.8% of Groton's occupied homes and renters 11.2%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $743,400 by its owner (±$46,491). The median renter pays $1,458 a month including utilities, and 43.8% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Groton | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $743,400±$46,491 | $727,800 | +$161,282 |
| Median gross rent | $1,458±$335 | $2,201 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 43.8%±15.3 pts | 37.6% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $3,652±$190 | $3,224 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 88.8%±2.8 pts | 61.3% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 11.2%±2.8 pts | 38.7% | – |
| Housing units | 3,818±238 | 664,267 | −441 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.0%±1.3 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 6.5%±8.3 pts | 3.4% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 79.9%±4.5 pts | 46.5% | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.0%±1.1 pts | 0.4% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 1.1%±0.9 pts | 1.2% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 7.9%±2.3 pts | 7.3% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 16.9%±4.2 pts | 32.3% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 1.9%±1.1 pts | 10.3% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Groton building?
Builders took permits for 20 new housing units in Groton in 2025 (20 in single-family houses), 1.7 per 1,000 residents against 1.7 across Massachusetts.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Groton work and get to work?
57.8% of Groton's workers drive alone and 27.5% work from home. The average trip to work takes 32.3 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 5.3%.
| Measure | Groton | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 70.1%±4.4 pts | 69.9% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 5.3%±2.8 pts | 4.4% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 57.8%±5.9 pts | 54.2% | – |
| Carpooled | 8.3%±5.2 pts | 6.3% | – |
| Public transportation | 1.4%±1.0 pts | 7.2% | – |
| Walked | 4.5%±3.5 pts | 4.2% | – |
| Worked from home | 27.5%±5.4 pts | 24.7% | +20.2 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 32.3 min±2.3 | 29.9 min | −3.9 min |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Groton?
2 census tracts lie mostly in Groton (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $181,250 (Tract 3261.01) to $197,335 (Tract 3261.02).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 3261.02Middlesex County | 6,264 | $197,335 |
| Tract 3261.01Middlesex County | 5,126 | $181,250 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Groton) · Census block assignment files
How does Groton compare with other places in Massachusetts?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Groton is the 1,080th-most populous of the 16,079 U.S. towns and townships that have one and the 91st-most populous of 266 in Massachusetts.
Groton ranks 33rd of 453 places in Massachusetts with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 91st | 266 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 142nd | 292 |
| Residents per square mile | 352nd | 461 |
| Median household income | 33rd | 453 |
| Per capita income | 66th | 460 |
| Median home value | 92nd | 459 |
| Median gross rent | 240th | 410 |
| Poverty rate | 274th | 338 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 54th | 459 |
| Median age | 356th | 461 |
| Owner-occupied share | 85th | 460 |
| Work from home | 73rd | 429 |
| Travel time to work | 145th | 459 |
Groton's figures with every place in Massachusetts (CSV)
Every place in Massachusetts, sortable · Compare Groton with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Groton?
13 of the 57 figures for Groton on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Groton are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' school search.