Town · Massachusetts
Sudbury, Massachusetts
Sudbury, town, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Sudbury had 19,643 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 3.8% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 18,934 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 19,306 (±24). GEOID 2501768260.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
19,643
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 18,934 · ACS 2020-2024: 19,306 ±24
Median household income
$236,250
±$16,791 (90% margin)
Massachusetts: $103,960
Median home value
$988,900
±$41,992 (90% margin)
Massachusetts: $562,100
Median gross rent
$1,445
±$895 (90% margin)
Massachusetts: $1,762
Where is Sudbury and what county is it in?
Sudbury is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. It covers 24.3 square miles of land, 780 residents per square mile in 2020.
Sudbury is in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 7 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Sudbury, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 19,643 people lived in Sudbury on July 1, 2025, up 3.8% since 2020, faster than Massachusetts (+1.7%). The 2020 Census counted 18,934 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 19,306 (±24).
| Measure | Sudbury | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 19,306±24 | 1,638,365 | +184 |
| Households | 6,297±221 | 634,215 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 3.04±0.11 | 2.49 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 6,497±240 | 664,267 | no clear change |
Sudbury's population since 2000
From 16,841 in 2000 to 19,643 in 2025: up 16.6%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Sudbury as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Sudbury?
The median resident of Sudbury is 42.3 years old; 28.5% are under 18 and 15.5% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 78.7%, then non-Hispanic Asian residents at 10.8%. 12.9% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Sudbury | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 42.3±2.1 | 38.9 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 28.5%±2.3 pts | 19.5% | – |
| 65 years and over | 15.5%±1.8 pts | 16.3% | – |
| Male | 47.7%±2.2 pts | 49.4% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 3.7%±2.0 pts | 9.3% | no clear change |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 78.7%±3.3 pts | 65.1% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 0.5%±0.3 pts | 4.7% | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 10.8%±2.9 pts | 13.6% | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.2 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.1%±0.2 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.9%±1.6 pts | 5.8% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 1.2%±0.9 pts | 1.4% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 12.9%±2.3 pts | 23.1% | no clear change |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 15.7%±2.8 pts | 29.1% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 1.9%±0.8 pts | 3.3% | – |
| With a disability | 5.4%±1.3 pts | 9.9% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 0.6%±0.5 pts | 2.4% | – |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 98.7%±0.6 pts | 93.2% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 83.3%±2.6 pts | 59.5% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 45.7%±3.5 pts | 30.5% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 95.0%±1.8 pts | 87.2% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.5%±1.0 pts | 2.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Sudbury earn?
Half of Sudbury's 6,297 households earn less than $236,250 a year (±$16,791), against $130,847 in Middlesex County and $103,960 in Massachusetts. In 2015-2019 it was $235,444 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 3.0% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Sudbury | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $236,250±$16,791 | $130,847 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $289,498±$19,720 | $178,070 | – |
| Per capita income | $95,230±$6,781 | $69,556 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 3.0%±1.5 pts | 7.7% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 2.0%±2.0 pts | 7.9% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 3.3%±1.3 pts | 9.3% | – |
| Households with a computer | 99.2%±0.9 pts | 97.0% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 98.5%±1.1 pts | 94.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Sudbury?
Owners occupy 89.9% of Sudbury's occupied homes and renters 10.1%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $988,900 by its owner (±$41,992). The median renter pays $1,445 a month including utilities, and 41.6% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Sudbury | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $988,900±$41,992 | $727,800 | +$101,816 |
| Median gross rent | $1,445±$895 | $2,201 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 41.6%±15.0 pts | 37.6% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $4,000 or more | $3,224 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 89.9%±2.2 pts | 61.3% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 10.1%±2.2 pts | 38.7% | – |
| Housing units | 6,497±240 | 664,267 | no clear change |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.0%±0.7 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 6.8%±9.9 pts | 3.4% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 83.8%±2.4 pts | 46.5% | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.0%±0.7 pts | 0.4% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 2.6%±0.9 pts | 1.2% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 10.2%±2.6 pts | 7.3% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 5.7%±2.2 pts | 32.3% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 2.2%±1.1 pts | 10.3% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Sudbury building?
Builders took permits for 8 new housing units in Sudbury in 2025 (8 in single-family houses), 0.4 per 1,000 residents against 1.7 across Massachusetts.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Sudbury work and get to work?
57.5% of Sudbury's workers drive alone and 33.0% work from home. The average trip to work takes 34.6 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 4.2%.
| Measure | Sudbury | Middlesex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 63.9%±2.6 pts | 69.9% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 4.2%±2.1 pts | 4.4% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 57.5%±3.7 pts | 54.2% | – |
| Carpooled | 3.5%±2.2 pts | 6.3% | – |
| Public transportation | 2.4%±1.4 pts | 7.2% | – |
| Walked | 1.1%±0.6 pts | 4.2% | – |
| Worked from home | 33.0%±3.7 pts | 24.7% | +23.6 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 34.6 min±1.9 | 29.9 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Sudbury?
3 census tracts lie mostly in Sudbury, and 1 more reaches into it (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $222,614 (Tract 3652.02) to $250,000 or more (Tract 3651).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 3651Middlesex County | 8,094 | $250,000 or more |
| Tract 3652.01Middlesex County | 6,313 | $225,853 |
| Tract 3652.02Middlesex County | 4,863 | $222,614 |
| Tract 3662.02Middlesex County | 5,356 | $217,083 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Sudbury) · Census block assignment files
How does Sudbury compare with other places in Massachusetts?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Sudbury is the 601st-most populous of the 16,079 U.S. towns and townships that have one and the 34th-most populous of 266 in Massachusetts.
Sudbury ranks 9th of 453 places in Massachusetts with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 34th | 266 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 48th | 292 |
| Residents per square mile | 241st | 461 |
| Median household income | 9th | 453 |
| Per capita income | 35th | 460 |
| Median home value | 29th | 459 |
| Median gross rent | 243rd | 410 |
| Poverty rate | 309th | 338 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 8th | 459 |
| Median age | 322nd | 461 |
| Owner-occupied share | 69th | 460 |
| Work from home | 28th | 429 |
| Travel time to work | 80th | 459 |
Sudbury's figures with every place in Massachusetts (CSV)
Every place in Massachusetts, sortable · Compare Sudbury with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Sudbury?
9 of the 57 figures for Sudbury on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Sudbury are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' school search.