City · Minnesota
Caledonia, Minnesota
Caledonia, city, in Houston County, Minnesota. Caledonia had 2,768 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, down 3.5% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 2,847 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 2,820 (±25). GEOID 2709226.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
2,768
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 2,847 · ACS 2020-2024: 2,820 ±25
Median household income
$76,477
±$17,277 (90% margin)
Minnesota: $89,062
Median home value
$157,900
±$24,974 (90% margin)
Minnesota: $329,300
Median gross rent
$839
±$206 (90% margin)
Minnesota: $1,280
Where is Caledonia and what county is it in?
Caledonia is a city in Houston County, Minnesota. It covers 2.8 square miles of land, 1,008 residents per square mile in 2020.
Caledonia is in the La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 3 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Caledonia, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 2,768 people lived in Caledonia on July 1, 2025, down 3.5% since 2020, while Minnesota grew 2.2%. The 2020 Census counted 2,847 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 2,820 (±25).
| Measure | Caledonia | Houston County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 2,820 ±25 | 18,653 | +64 |
| Households | 1,387 ±104 | 8,134 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 1.96 ±0.15 | 2.26 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 1,456 ±101 | 8,774 | no clear change |
Caledonia's population since 2000
From 2,965 in 2000 to 2,768 in 2025: down 6.6%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Caledonia as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Caledonia?
The median resident of Caledonia is 50.4 years old; 16.7% are under 18 and 21.9% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 98.0%, then non-Hispanic residents of two or more races at 1.6%.
| Measure | Caledonia | Houston County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 50.4 ±3.2 | 45.1 | +8.1 |
| Under 18 years | 16.7% ±3.6 pts | 21.4% | – |
| 65 years and over | 21.9% ±4.7 pts | 23.6% | – |
| Male | 44.9% ±3.7 pts | 50.3% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 0.1% ±0.3 pts | 1.5% | – |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 98.0% ±1.7 pts | 93.5% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.3 pts | 0.3% | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.8 pts | 0.9% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.2% ±0.3 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.8 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 1.6% ±1.8 pts | 3.6% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.8 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 0.1% ±0.3 pts | 2.2% | – |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 1.7% ±1.2 pts | 3.5% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 3.9% ±2.0 pts | 6.7% | – |
| With a disability | 14.3% ±3.9 pts | 11.0% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 5.1% ±4.3 pts | 3.2% | – |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 95.3% ±3.0 pts | 95.4% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 16.9% ±4.8 pts | 30.1% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 5.7% ±2.7 pts | 8.7% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 85.6% ±4.9 pts | 91.1% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 5.0% ±3.0 pts | 2.9% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Caledonia earn?
Half of Caledonia's 1,387 households earn less than $76,477 a year (±$17,277), against $79,825 in Houston County and $89,062 in Minnesota. In 2015-2019 it was $58,027 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 8.9% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Caledonia | Houston County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $76,477 ±$17,277 | $79,825 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $98,616 ±$26,088 | $101,996 | – |
| Per capita income | $48,419 ±$11,627 | $44,963 | +$15,254 |
| People below the poverty line | 8.9% ±3.1 pts | 6.6% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 2.2% ±3.2 pts | 4.5% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 2.0% ±2.4 pts | 3.4% | – |
| Households with a computer | 91.5% ±5.2 pts | 93.1% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 82.4% ±7.0 pts | 87.6% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Caledonia?
Owners occupy 74.4% of Caledonia's occupied homes and renters 25.6%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $157,900 by its owner (±$24,974). The median renter pays $839 a month including utilities, and 45.1% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Caledonia | Houston County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $157,900 ±$24,974 | $239,000 | no clear change |
| Median gross rent | $839 ±$206 | $879 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 45.1% ±16.2 pts | 36.5% | – |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,160 ±$49 | $1,697 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 74.4% ±7.2 pts | 83.4% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 25.6% ±7.2 pts | 16.6% | – |
| Housing units | 1,456 ±101 | 8,774 | no clear change |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.0% ±2.2 pts | 0.9% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 0.0% ±6.1 pts | 4.5% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 88.6% ±5.2 pts | 85.5% | – |
| Mobile homes | 1.8% ±2.2 pts | 3.1% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.0% ±1.5 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 3.2% ±2.7 pts | 5.7% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 32.4% ±8.0 pts | 24.7% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 3.0% ±2.2 pts | 3.2% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Caledonia building?
Builders took permits for 3 new housing units in Caledonia in 2025 (3 in single-family houses; the permit office reported 2 of 12 months), 1.1 per 1,000 residents against 3.6 across Minnesota.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Caledonia work and get to work?
71.5% of Caledonia's workers drive alone and 12.0% work from home. The average trip to work takes 25.2 minutes.
| Measure | Caledonia | Houston County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 70.0% ±4.8 pts | 64.8% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 1.5% ±2.6 pts | 1.6% | – |
| Drove alone to work | 71.5% ±6.9 pts | 75.3% | – |
| Carpooled | 11.0% ±4.1 pts | 7.3% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.0% ±1.3 pts | 0.3% | – |
| Walked | 2.0% ±1.9 pts | 1.9% | – |
| Worked from home | 12.0% ±5.0 pts | 13.6% | – |
| Mean travel time to work | 25.2 min ±4.6 | 23.8 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Caledonia?
1 census tract lies mostly in Caledonia (2020 census blocks).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 205Houston County | 3,251 | $78,457 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Caledonia) · Census block assignment files
How does Caledonia compare with other places in Minnesota?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Caledonia is the 6,592nd-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 223rd-most populous of 855 in Minnesota.
Caledonia ranks 371st of 558 places in Minnesota with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 223rd | 855 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 520th | 556 |
| Residents per square mile | 212th | 562 |
| Median household income | 371st | 558 |
| Per capita income | 184th | 562 |
| Median home value | 501st | 559 |
| Median gross rent | 363rd | 465 |
| Poverty rate | 189th | 461 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 516th | 559 |
| Median age | 60th | 561 |
| Owner-occupied share | 379th | 561 |
| Work from home | 280th | 525 |
| Travel time to work | 220th | 562 |
Caledonia's figures with every place in Minnesota (CSV)
Every place in Minnesota, sortable · Compare Caledonia with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Caledonia?
21 of the 57 figures for Caledonia on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Caledonia are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Caledonia.