Borough · New Jersey
Caldwell, New Jersey
Caldwell, borough, in Essex County, New Jersey. Caldwell had 9,375 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 4.2% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 9,027 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 9,003 (±26). GEOID 3409250.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
9,375
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 9,027 · ACS 2020-2024: 9,003 ±26
Median household income
$96,824
±$19,947 (90% margin)
New Jersey: $103,556
Median home value
$575,400
±$36,462 (90% margin)
New Jersey: $454,400
Median gross rent
$1,976
±$197 (90% margin)
New Jersey: $1,720
Where is Caldwell and what county is it in?
Caldwell is a borough in Essex County, New Jersey. It covers 1.2 square miles of land, 7,663 residents per square mile in 2020.
Caldwell is in the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 22 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Caldwell, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 9,375 people lived in Caldwell on July 1, 2025, up 4.2% since 2020, faster than New Jersey (+2.8%). The 2020 Census counted 9,027 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 9,003 (±26).
| Measure | Caldwell | Essex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 9,003 ±26 | 863,002 | +1,034 |
| Households | 3,799 ±235 | 319,788 | +560 |
| Average household size | 2.22 ±0.14 | 2.63 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 3,926 ±235 | 336,962 | +432 |
Caldwell's population since 2005
From 7,721 in 2005 to 9,375 in 2025: up 21.4%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Caldwell as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Caldwell?
The median resident of Caldwell is 37.2 years old; 20.0% are under 18 and 18.7% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 56.9%, then Hispanic or Latino residents (of any race) at 20.8%. 21.7% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Caldwell | Essex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 37.2 ±2.8 | 37.7 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 20.0% ±2.7 pts | 23.6% | – |
| 65 years and over | 18.7% ±2.7 pts | 14.2% | – |
| Male | 50.7% ±2.7 pts | 48.6% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 20.8% ±6.5 pts | 25.2% | +10.3 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 56.9% ±7.1 pts | 27.3% | −21.9 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 4.7% ±1.8 pts | 35.4% | no clear change |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 13.9% ±6.5 pts | 6.0% | +8.3 pts |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.2 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.5 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 3.4% ±1.9 pts | 4.6% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.2% ±0.3 pts | 1.4% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 21.7% ±4.9 pts | 30.1% | +7.8 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 29.8% ±6.9 pts | 37.8% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 2.2% ±1.0 pts | 2.6% | – |
| With a disability | 12.2% ±4.4 pts | 12.2% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 5.8% ±4.4 pts | 11.9% | – |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 92.5% ±4.9 pts | 86.7% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 56.9% ±6.2 pts | 39.1% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 25.2% ±4.4 pts | 16.9% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 82.6% ±5.2 pts | 89.3% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.3% ±0.9 pts | 1.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Caldwell earn?
Half of Caldwell's 3,799 households earn less than $96,824 a year (±$19,947), against $80,789 in Essex County and $103,556 in New Jersey. In 2015-2019 it was $119,139 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart.
| Measure | Caldwell | Essex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $96,824 ±$19,947 | $80,789 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $144,374 ±$18,453 | $131,513 | – |
| Per capita income | $59,805 ±$7,206 | $49,449 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 8.0% ±5.6 pts | 14.6% | – |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 13.9% ±14.0 pts | 19.0% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 2.7% ±2.0 pts | 14.8% | – |
| Households with a computer | 96.6% ±1.6 pts | 95.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 89.5% ±3.5 pts | 90.4% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Caldwell?
Owners occupy 41.9% of Caldwell's occupied homes and renters 58.1%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $575,400 by its owner (±$36,462). The median renter pays $1,976 a month including utilities, and 44.4% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Caldwell | Essex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $575,400 ±$36,462 | $524,100 | no clear change |
| Median gross rent | $1,976 ±$197 | $1,531 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 44.4% ±9.0 pts | 46.1% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $3,626 ±$184 | $3,322 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 41.9% ±6.3 pts | 44.9% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 58.1% ±6.3 pts | 55.1% | – |
| Housing units | 3,926 ±235 | 336,962 | +432 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.6% ±2.5 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 3.2% ±3.5 pts | 2.7% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 28.3% ±5.5 pts | 33.3% | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.0% ±1.1 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.0% ±1.1 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 3.1% ±2.2 pts | 5.3% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 30.4% ±5.6 pts | 29.1% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 8.1% ±4.1 pts | 21.0% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Caldwell building?
Builders took permits for 44 new housing units in Caldwell in 2025 (0 in single-family houses), 4.7 per 1,000 residents against 2.9 across New Jersey.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Caldwell work and get to work?
59.9% of Caldwell's workers drive alone and 19.8% work from home. The average trip to work takes 29.5 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 4.4%.
| Measure | Caldwell | Essex County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 68.5% ±3.7 pts | 66.4% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 4.4% ±2.1 pts | 8.7% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 59.9% ±6.5 pts | 52.7% | – |
| Carpooled | 6.4% ±3.8 pts | 7.9% | – |
| Public transportation | 6.7% ±3.8 pts | 15.8% | – |
| Walked | 2.7% ±1.9 pts | 3.0% | – |
| Worked from home | 19.8% ±4.9 pts | 16.1% | +12.9 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 29.5 min ±3.6 | 33.6 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Caldwell?
2 census tracts lie mostly in Caldwell (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $81,771 (Tract 217.02) to $111,328 (Tract 217.01).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 217.02Essex County | 5,015 | $81,771 |
| Tract 217.01Essex County | 3,988 | $111,328 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Caldwell) · Census block assignment files
How does Caldwell compare with other places in New Jersey?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Caldwell is the 3,354th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 123rd-most populous of 323 in New Jersey.
Caldwell ranks 526th of 771 places in New Jersey with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 123rd | 323 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 103rd | 532 |
| Residents per square mile | 68th | 787 |
| Median household income | 526th | 771 |
| Per capita income | 305th | 785 |
| Median home value | 212th | 777 |
| Median gross rent | 236th | 701 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 241st | 780 |
| Median age | 694th | 786 |
| Owner-occupied share | 727th | 777 |
| Work from home | 273rd | 695 |
| Travel time to work | 443rd | 787 |
Caldwell's figures with every place in New Jersey (CSV)
Every place in New Jersey, sortable · Compare Caldwell with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Caldwell?
14 of the 57 figures for Caldwell on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Caldwell are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Caldwell.