City · Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Dayton, city, in Montgomery County, Ohio. Dayton had 136,688 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, down 0.7% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 137,644 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 136,579 (±56). GEOID 3921000.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
136,688
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 137,644 · ACS 2020-2024: 136,579 ±56
Median household income
$45,247
±$1,703 (90% margin)
Ohio: $71,389
Median home value
$100,600
±$4,075 (90% margin)
Ohio: $214,800
Median gross rent
$918
±$23 (90% margin)
Ohio: $1,034
Where is Dayton and what county is it in?
Dayton is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio. It covers 55.8 square miles of land, 2,466 residents per square mile in 2020.
Dayton is in the Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 3 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
| County | 2020 residents | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Montgomery County | 137,644 | 100.0% |
| Greene County | land only, no residents | – |
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Dayton, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 136,688 people lived in Dayton on July 1, 2025, down 0.7% since 2020, while Ohio grew 0.9%. The 2020 Census counted 137,644 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 136,579 (±56).
| Measure | Dayton | Montgomery County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 136,579 ±56 | 536,096 | −3,990 |
| Households | 58,477 ±1,345 | 231,319 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 2.12 ±0.05 | 2.24 | −0.09 |
| Housing units | 70,335 ±1,237 | 252,843 | −2,939 |
Dayton's population since 2000
From 166,179 in 2000 to 136,688 in 2025: down 17.7%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Dayton as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Dayton?
The median resident of Dayton is 34.1 years old; 21.3% are under 18 and 14.1% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 49.9%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 37.6%. 5.3% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Dayton | Montgomery County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 34.1 ±1.0 | 38.8 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 21.3% ±1.0 pts | 22.2% | – |
| 65 years and over | 14.1% ±0.7 pts | 18.6% | – |
| Male | 49.5% ±1.0 pts | 48.4% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5.7% ±0.7 pts | 4.2% | +1.3 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 49.9% ±1.4 pts | 67.7% | −3.1 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 37.6% ±1.3 pts | 20.4% | no clear change |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 1.3% ±0.2 pts | 2.2% | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.1 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.8% ±0.6 pts | 5.0% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.5% ±0.2 pts | 0.4% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 5.3% ±0.7 pts | 5.3% | no clear change |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 8.0% ±0.9 pts | 7.3% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 7.4% ±0.7 pts | 8.4% | – |
| With a disability | 18.0% ±1.0 pts | 15.2% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 8.2% ±0.8 pts | 6.5% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 88.2% ±1.0 pts | 92.6% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 21.6% ±1.3 pts | 31.3% | +3.2 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 8.0% ±0.7 pts | 12.9% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 79.4% ±1.7 pts | 85.9% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.7% ±0.4 pts | 1.9% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Dayton earn?
Half of Dayton's 58,477 households earn less than $45,247 a year (±$1,703), against $66,139 in Montgomery County and $71,389 in Ohio. In 2015-2019 the median was $40,047 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $5,200 after inflation. 26.9% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Dayton | Montgomery County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $45,247 ±$1,703 | $66,139 | +$5,200 |
| Mean household income | $61,482 ±$2,347 | $88,114 | – |
| Per capita income | $27,444 ±$1,091 | $38,450 | +$2,988 |
| People below the poverty line | 26.9% ±1.9 pts | 15.0% | −3.7 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 40.6% ±4.1 pts | 22.2% | no clear change |
| Households receiving SNAP | 25.0% ±1.4 pts | 13.5% | – |
| Households with a computer | 91.7% ±1.1 pts | 94.6% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 85.5% ±1.4 pts | 90.6% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Dayton?
Owners occupy 48.4% of Dayton's occupied homes and renters 51.6%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $100,600 by its owner (±$4,075). The median renter pays $918 a month including utilities, and 44.5% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Dayton | Montgomery County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $100,600 ±$4,075 | $180,900 | +$18,390 |
| Median gross rent | $918 ±$23 | $1,026 | +$49 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 44.5% ±2.6 pts | 38.2% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,147 ±$36 | $1,438 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 48.4% ±1.9 pts | 62.5% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 51.6% ±1.9 pts | 37.5% | – |
| Housing units | 70,335 ±1,237 | 252,843 | −2,939 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 2.0% ±0.8 pts | 1.3% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 6.3% ±1.2 pts | 4.7% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 63.8% ±1.5 pts | 67.4% | – |
| Mobile homes | 1.0% ±0.2 pts | 1.3% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.4% ±0.2 pts | 0.7% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 3.0% ±0.5 pts | 3.0% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 36.7% ±1.5 pts | 15.6% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 15.9% ±1.5 pts | 8.5% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Dayton building?
Builders took permits for 174 new housing units in Dayton in 2025 (131 in single-family houses), 1.3 per 1,000 residents against 2.8 across Ohio.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Dayton work and get to work?
72.2% of Dayton's workers drive alone and 9.7% work from home. The average trip to work takes 20.3 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 9.0%.
| Measure | Dayton | Montgomery County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 59.2% ±1.4 pts | 63.4% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 9.0% ±1.1 pts | 5.7% | −1.7 pts |
| Drove alone to work | 72.2% ±1.8 pts | 76.2% | – |
| Carpooled | 9.2% ±1.2 pts | 7.7% | – |
| Public transportation | 3.1% ±0.7 pts | 1.2% | – |
| Walked | 4.3% ±1.0 pts | 2.0% | – |
| Worked from home | 9.7% ±1.2 pts | 12.0% | +6.3 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 20.3 min ±0.6 | 21.9 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Dayton?
47 census tracts lie mostly in Dayton, and 22 more reach into it (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $23,991 (Tract 39) to $134,375 (Tract 34.03).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 34.02Montgomery County | 7,005 | $45,921 |
| Tract 33Montgomery County | 5,025 | $49,696 |
| Tract 26Montgomery County | 4,886 | $50,853 |
| Tract 4Montgomery County | 4,370 | $49,327 |
| Tract 32.01Montgomery County | 4,087 | $49,637 |
| Tract 15.01Montgomery County | 4,006 | $53,718 |
| Tract 29Montgomery County | 4,021 | $57,404 |
| Tract 19Montgomery County | 3,886 | $41,316 |
| Tract 18.02Montgomery County | 3,891 | $36,557 |
| Tract 25Montgomery County | 4,825 | $39,100 |
| Tract 11Montgomery County | 3,350 | $31,571 |
| Tract 5Montgomery County | 3,873 | $36,926 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Dayton) · Census block assignment files
How does Dayton compare with other places in Ohio?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Dayton is the 214th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 6th-most populous of 923 in Ohio.
Dayton ranks 1,613th of 1,699 places in Ohio with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 6th | 923 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 963rd | 1,589 |
| Residents per square mile | 137th | 1,734 |
| Median household income | 1,613th | 1,699 |
| Per capita income | 1,536th | 1,729 |
| Median home value | 1,639th | 1,707 |
| Median gross rent | 698th | 1,453 |
| Poverty rate | 72nd | 1,116 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 827th | 1,613 |
| Median age | 1,580th | 1,727 |
| Owner-occupied share | 1,685th | 1,732 |
| Work from home | 587th | 990 |
| Travel time to work | 1,429th | 1,731 |
Dayton's figures with every place in Ohio (CSV)
Every place in Ohio, sortable · Compare Dayton with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Dayton?
2 of the 57 figures for Dayton on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Dayton are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Dayton.