City profile · Ohio · Census ACS 2023

Toledo, OH

Population, income, housing, safety, climate and schools for Toledo - drawn straight from Census ACS, FBI UCR, NOAA, NCES, HUD and FEMA, refreshed on the 2024–2025 release cycle.

268,461
Residents
$47,532
Median income
$107,000
Median home
$1,076
Median rent (state)

Toledo - the verdict

Nationally, Toledo sits in the 16th percentile for household income and the 9th percentile for safety among US cities with a population of 1,000 or more. Source: Census ACS + FBI UCR.

16th
percentile, household income
12th
percentile, home value
26th
percentile, median rent
9th
percentile, safety
📝 How we sourced this

Population, income, and housing-cost figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates (B-series tables). Crime data uses FBI UCR; climate uses NOAA Climate Normals; school counts come from NCES Common Core of Data; permits use the Census Building Permits Survey (BPS). See our methodology page for the full ETL pipeline and OMB / FIPS join keys.

Data Snapshot: Toledo, OH

268,461 people live in Toledo, Ohio - a mid-sized U.S. city by U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. Toledo households earn a median of $47,532 annually, in the lower quartile of U.S. cities for household income, with a poverty rate of 19.1%. Toledo's housing stock carries a median value of $107,000, and the median resident age is 35.7 years. Educational attainment runs 21.0% of adults with a bachelor's degree or higher. Separately, 56.6% of working-age residents are in the labor force.

The Census Building Permit Survey recorded 144 residential units authorized here in 2024 (Building Boom), up 586% from five years earlier. Toledo's reported crime rate runs above the national norm: per-100,000 total crime stands at 3773.3 in FBI UCR data, above the national average (a voluntary reporting program, read this as reporting activity, not a definitive danger score).

Living costs in Ohio run below the national norm: BEA Regional Price Parities 2024 puts Ohio at 92.8 on a 100-equals-national-average scale (Below Average). Statewide, HUD pegs Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom unit at $1,076 monthly. Statewide, average monthly utility bills in Ohio run around $228, per EIA 2023 residential energy data. FEMA's National Risk Index rates natural-hazard exposure at 92.4 out of 100 (Very High).

Population

268,461 residents

Census ACS 2023 - Ohio

Median Household Income

$47,532 /yr

Poverty 19.1%

Cost of Living Index (state)

92.8 (US=100)

Below Average - BEA RPP 2024, Ohio average

How does Toledo compare to other US cities?

Here's how Toledo stacks up against the full field of US cities (population 1,000+), computed live from Census and FBI data.

Household income 16% higher than other cities
Home value 12% pricier than other cities
Median rent 26% pricier than other cities
Safety 9% safer than other cities

"Safer than" reflects total crime rate from FBI UCR; the others use Census ACS estimates.

National percentiles can mask local variation. Looking only at Ohio, Toledo ranks #260 of 281 Ohio cities by lowest crime rate - a narrower, more locally useful cut than the national comparison above.

How we calculate these percentiles & ranks

Each percentile compares Toledo against every qualifying US city; each in-state rank narrows that to Ohio only. Full formula and direction notes: methodology.

Ohio-relative analysis

Poverty Rate places Toledo toward the top of Ohio's cities

Among the 1,196 Ohio cities PlainCities tracks with reported poverty rate data, Toledo ranks #158 - the 87th percentile within the state. This is a different, narrower cut than the nationwide percentiles above: it compares Toledo only against its own state's cities, not the full US field.

Median Household Income
#965 of 1,145
16th percentile in Ohio
Median Gross Rent
#581 of 1,196
48th percentile in Ohio
Median Home Value
#908 of 1,164
22nd percentile in Ohio
Poverty Rate
#158 of 1,196
87th percentile in Ohio
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
#503 of 1,196
57th percentile in Ohio

Ranked by raw value (highest first); a higher rank is not automatically "better" for every measure, see each metric's own context above. This is a comparison within Ohio only, not a livability score. See the methodology for the source and calculation.

16thIncome percentile
9thSafety percentile

16th percentile nationally for median household income · 9th percentile for safety (lower crime rate). Source: Census ACS 2023 / FBI UCR 2023.

Toledo's profile vs. every US city

Income, affordability, and safety percentile

Toledo's percentile rank on 3 favorable-direction measures (income, affordability, safety) vs. every tracked US city -- higher on every axis is more favorable. Not a composite quality score, just the arithmetic mean of the axes shown. 3-axis radar comparing 1 series across Income, Affordability, Safety. IncomeAffordabilitySafety 35 Avg. percentile National median
Toledo's percentile rank on 3 favorable-direction measures (income, affordability, safety) vs. every tracked US city -- higher on every axis is more favorable. Not a composite quality score, just the arithmetic mean of the axes shown.

How Toledo's home value compares nationally

Median home value vs. every US city (population 1,000+)

$107,000 Among the most affordable more affordable than 88% of 15,600 US cities

$0–$25,000: 5 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $25,000–$50,000: 54 US cities (0%). Below this entry. $50,000–$75,000: 352 US cities (2%). Below this entry. $75,000–$100,000: 1,086 US cities (7%). Below this entry. $100,000–$125,000: 1,516 US cities (10%). This entry sits in this band. $125,000–$150,000: 1,170 US cities (8%). Above this entry. $150,000–$175,000: 1,278 US cities (8%). Above this entry. $175,000–$200,000: 1,229 US cities (8%). Above this entry. $200,000–$225,000: 1,035 US cities (7%). Above this entry. $225,000–$250,000: 976 US cities (6%). Above this entry. $250,000–$275,000: 754 US cities (5%). Above this entry. $275,000–$300,000: 712 US cities (5%). Above this entry. $300,000–$325,000: 521 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $325,000–$350,000: 526 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $350,000–$375,000: 465 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $375,000–$400,000: 393 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $400,000–$425,000: 317 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $425,000–$450,000: 300 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $450,000–$475,000: 307 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $475,000–$500,000: 250 US cities (2%). Above this entry. $500,000–$525,000: 160 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $525,000–$550,000: 156 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $550,000–$575,000: 172 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $575,000–$600,000: 172 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $600,000–$625,000: 163 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $625,000–$650,000: 167 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $650,000–$675,000: 135 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $675,000–$700,000: 101 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $700,000–$725,000: 95 US cities (1%). Above this entry. $725,000–$750,000: 71 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $750,000–$775,000: 65 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $775,000–$800,000: 70 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $800,000–$825,000: 57 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $825,000–$850,000: 67 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $850,000–$875,000: 60 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $875,000–$900,000: 58 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $900,000–$925,000: 47 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $925,000–$950,000: 37 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $950,000–$975,000: 31 US cities (0%). Above this entry. $975,000–$1,000,000: 470 US cities (3%). Above this entry. $1,000,000–$1,025,000: 0 US cities (0%). Above this entry. Toledo $0 $1,025,000 every US city, bucketed by value

Each bar is a $25K-wide band; taller bars hold more US cities. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2023

Income distribution context

Household income distribution - Toledo, OH Toledo, OH's reported median household income shown against the U.S. national quintile-share pattern (not Toledo, OH-specific quintile data). The Lorenz curve traces the national cumulative income share against cumulative population share, perfect equality is the diagonal; observed inequality bows below. $ Household Income Distribution Toledo, OH median $47,532/yr, vs. U.S. national quintile pattern QUINTILE SHARE OF AGGREGATE INCOME Lowest 20% 3.4% Second 20% 9.2% Middle 20% 15.1% Fourth 20% 23.2% Top 20% 49.1% LORENZ CURVE cumulative income vs. population 100% 0% 100% pop. 0%
Toledo, OH's median household income (Census ACS 5-year estimate) plotted against the U.S. national income-quintile distribution pattern for context; the quintile shares and Lorenz curve are national figures, not computed specifically for Toledo, OH. Diagonal = perfect equality.

Key socioeconomic indicators

Bachelor's degree or higher (adults 25+) 21.0%

Census ACS S1501, educational attainment

Poverty rate (households below FPL) 19.1%

Census ACS S1701, poverty status

Labor force participation (adults 16+) 56.6%

Census ACS S2301, share of working-age residents in the labor force

Population
268,461
Median Income
$47,532
Median Home Value
$107,000
Median Age
35.7
Poverty Rate
19.1%
Labor force participation
56.6%
Bachelor's Degree+
21.0%

Safety & Crime

Total Crime Rate
3773.3
per 100,000 residents
Violent Crime
1041.1
per 100,000 residents
Property Crime
2732.2
per 100,000 residents

Reflects incidents reported to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program — agency participation is voluntary and reporting completeness varies by jurisdiction and year, so this reflects reporting activity, not a definitive danger score. Not adjusted for tourism, commuter, or daytime population.

Schools

Total Schools
99
Public schools in this city

Population Change

Annual U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP) estimates, 2020–2025

See the fastest-growing cities →
260,000 residents265,000 residents270,000 residents275,000 residents 202020212022202320242025 270,280 residents 263,423 residents ▼ -2.5%
Toledo's Census PEP population estimates, 2020–2025.

Housing Supply

Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (BPS) - annual residential permits authorized

📈 Building Boom
Total Permits (2024)
144
housing units authorized
Single-Family
18
detached homes
Multifamily
126
apartments & condos
Supply Intensity
0.5
permits per 1,000 residents

5-Year Permit Trend (2019–2024)

Year Total
2019 21
2020 354
2021 23
2022 388
2023 348
2024 144

Permit volume increased 586% from 2019 to 2024.

Commute Patterns

How workers travel to work, Census ACS 2023

Drive Alone
77.9%
Carpool
11.2%
Public Transit
1.4%
Walk
2.4%
Work from Home
5.7%
Other
1.4%

Based on 117,032 workers 16 and over.

Monthly Utility Costs

State-average estimates for Ohio - EIA 2023 residential energy data

Electricity
$105
avg/month
Natural Gas
$78
avg/month
Water & Sewer
$45
avg/month
Total Utilities
$228
estimated/month

Estimates reflect Ohio state averages. Actual costs vary by home size, usage, and local rates. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023.

Living Costs & Risk

Cost of living is a Ohio state average from BEA; rent and hazard risk are county-level figures from HUD and FEMA for the county Toledo sits in

Cost of Living Index
92.8
Below Average
US average = 100 · BEA RPP 2024
Typical 2-BR Rent
$1,076/mo
HUD Fair Market Rent
County-level FMR estimate
Natural Hazard Risk
92.4 / 100
Very High
FEMA NRI composite score (county)

Similar Cities in Ohio

Cincinnati
309,595 people
Akron
189,526 people
Cleveland
367,523 people
Dayton
136,741 people
Parma
80,131 people
Canton
70,105 people

Cities of a Similar Size Nationwide

Population-matched peers from other states, closest to Toledo's 268,461 residents (Census ACS 5-Year 2023).

Reno, NV
268,959 people
Fort Wayne, IN
266,235 people
North Las Vegas, NV
270,773 people
Gilbert, AZ
271,118 people
Chula Vista, CA
275,030 people
Madison, WI
275,568 people

Cities with a Similar Household Income Nationwide

Median-household-income-matched peers from other states, closest to Toledo's $47,532 (Census ACS 5-Year 2023, table B19013).

Bad Axe, MI
$47,535 median income
Pittston, PA
$47,525 median income
Linden, TX
$47,542 median income
Oceana, WV
$47,548 median income
Rockdale, TX
$47,550 median income
Pinewood, FL
$47,551 median income

Race & Ethnicity Composition

Race and ethnicity - Toledo, OH Race categories sum to one hundred percent per Census methodology. Hispanic or Latino is shown separately as an ethnicity overlay; it cuts across all race categories per OMB Directive 15. Race & Ethnicity Composition Toledo, OH - Census ACS, OMB race + ethnicity categories RACE, sums to 100% 58.7% 28.7% 7.9% ETHNICITY, Hispanic or Latino (any race) 8.9% White 58.7% Black or African American 28.7% Asian 1.4% American Indian 0.2% Native Hawaiian 0.0% Some other race 3.1% Two or more races 7.9% Per OMB Directive 15: Hispanic/Latino ethnicity is reported separately from the race categories.
Race categories sum to 100%. Hispanic or Latino ethnicity is reported separately and cuts across race per Census/OMB methodology.

City-level race and ethnicity, Census ACS 5-year 2023 (tables B02001, B03001), OMB Directive 15 categories.

How Toledo compares to nearby Ohio cities

Population + median household income, sourced from Census Bureau ACS 5-year B01001 (population) and B19013 (median household income).

City Population Median Household Income
Toledo (this city) 268,461 $47,532
Cincinnati 309,595 $51,707
Akron 189,526 $48,544
Cleveland 367,523 $39,187
Census ACS 5-year FIPS OH FBI UCR NCES CCD Census BPS 2024 OMB Bulletin 23-01

What do people ask about Toledo, OH?

What is the population of Toledo, OH? +

Toledo, OH counts 268,461 residents according to U.S. Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates.

What is the median household income in Toledo, OH? +

The median household income in Toledo is $47,532 per year, based on Census ACS 2023 data.

What is the cost of living in Toledo? +

BEA does not publish a city-level cost-of-living figure for Toledo; the closest available measure is the Ohio state average, a cost of living index of 92.8 (U.S. average = 100), rated "Below Average" based on BEA Regional Price Parities 2024 data. Costs within Ohio vary by metro area.

Is Toledo, OH safe? +

Toledo has a total crime rate of 3773.3 per 100,000 residents, which is above the national average. This reflects incidents reported to the FBI UCR program, not a definitive safety score -- agency reporting is voluntary and completeness varies by jurisdiction.

What is the median home value in Toledo, OH? +

The median home value in Toledo is $107,000, according to Census ACS 2023 estimates.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year 2023, FBI UCR, NCES CCD, Census BPS 2024, Census ACS B08301/B08136, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2023, BEA Regional Price Parities 2024, HUD Fair Market Rents 2026, FEMA National Risk Index.

Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.

Primary sources: Census ACS, FBI UCR, NOAA Climate Normals, NCES.

Citation & verification links Data sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainCities

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Every figure on PlainCities is rendered directly from Census ACS source data, no number is typed in by an editor. This page draws directly on Census ACS source data, no figure is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.