City · Tennessee
Columbia, Tennessee
Columbia, city, in Maury County, Tennessee. Columbia had 50,072 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 20.3% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 41,690 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 45,441 (±42). GEOID 4716540.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
50,072
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 41,690 · ACS 2020-2024: 45,441 ±42
Median household income
$63,719
±$4,360 (90% margin)
Tennessee: $69,595
Median home value
$308,700
±$14,594 (90% margin)
Tennessee: $286,700
Median gross rent
$1,197
±$52 (90% margin)
Tennessee: $1,189
Where is Columbia and what county is it in?
Columbia is a city in Maury County, Tennessee. It covers 36.5 square miles of land, 1,142 residents per square mile in 2020.
Columbia is in the Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 14 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Columbia, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 50,072 people lived in Columbia on July 1, 2025, up 20.3% since 2020, faster than Tennessee (+5.8%). The 2020 Census counted 41,690 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 45,441 (±42).
| Measure | Columbia | Maury County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 45,441 ±42 | 107,791 | +7,061 |
| Households | 18,039 ±514 | 42,306 | +2,969 |
| Average household size | 2.46 ±0.07 | 2.52 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 19,918 ±412 | 46,159 | +3,241 |
Columbia's population since 2000
From 33,055 in 2000 to 50,072 in 2025: up 51.5%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Columbia as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Columbia?
The median resident of Columbia is 35.5 years old; 25.6% are under 18 and 15.5% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 67.1%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 16.5%. 4.5% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Columbia | Maury County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 35.5 ±1.8 | 39.1 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 25.6% ±1.5 pts | 22.9% | – |
| 65 years and over | 15.5% ±1.2 pts | 17.1% | – |
| Male | 46.8% ±1.5 pts | 48.7% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 11.1% ±1.5 pts | 8.1% | no clear change |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 67.1% ±2.0 pts | 76.3% | no clear change |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 16.5% ±1.9 pts | 10.3% | no clear change |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 1.1% ±0.4 pts | 1.0% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.1 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.0% ±1.3 pts | 3.9% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.1 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 4.5% ±1.1 pts | 3.9% | no clear change |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 8.9% ±1.8 pts | 6.2% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 6.2% ±1.0 pts | 7.3% | – |
| With a disability | 11.0% ±1.2 pts | 11.6% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 9.7% ±1.6 pts | 8.5% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 91.4% ±1.8 pts | 93.3% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 25.4% ±2.5 pts | 28.0% | +6.6 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 7.7% ±1.5 pts | 8.6% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 87.8% ±2.4 pts | 89.5% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.1% ±0.8 pts | 2.8% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Columbia earn?
Half of Columbia's 18,039 households earn less than $63,719 a year (±$4,360), against $76,130 in Maury County and $69,595 in Tennessee. In 2015-2019 it was $60,654 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 14.2% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Columbia | Maury County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $63,719 ±$4,360 | $76,130 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $79,923 ±$4,580 | $94,120 | – |
| Per capita income | $32,500 ±$1,635 | $38,025 | +$2,586 |
| People below the poverty line | 14.2% ±2.5 pts | 9.8% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 19.1% ±5.7 pts | 12.8% | no clear change |
| Households receiving SNAP | 8.7% ±1.8 pts | 6.3% | – |
| Households with a computer | 96.7% ±1.0 pts | 96.8% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 91.1% ±2.2 pts | 91.2% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Columbia?
Owners occupy 63.3% of Columbia's occupied homes and renters 36.7%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $308,700 by its owner (±$14,594). The median renter pays $1,197 a month including utilities, and 43.7% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Columbia | Maury County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $308,700 ±$14,594 | $355,700 | +$122,865 |
| Median gross rent | $1,197 ±$52 | $1,300 | +$134 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 43.7% ±6.5 pts | 38.7% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,548 ±$89 | $1,666 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 63.3% ±3.0 pts | 70.9% | +6.0 pts |
| Renter-occupied homes | 36.7% ±3.0 pts | 29.1% | – |
| Housing units | 19,918 ±412 | 46,159 | +3,241 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.8% ±0.8 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 10.5% ±3.6 pts | 9.1% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 67.1% ±2.7 pts | 72.1% | – |
| Mobile homes | 5.0% ±1.4 pts | 7.3% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 7.3% ±1.6 pts | 6.9% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 15.0% ±2.4 pts | 18.7% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 6.2% ±1.6 pts | 6.3% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 3.0% ±1.1 pts | 2.8% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Columbia building?
Builders took permits for 548 new housing units in Columbia in 2025 (548 in single-family houses), 10.9 per 1,000 residents against 5.9 across Tennessee.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Columbia work and get to work?
76.1% of Columbia's workers drive alone and 12.8% work from home. The average trip to work takes 28.0 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 2.6%.
| Measure | Columbia | Maury County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 64.1% ±2.1 pts | 63.9% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 2.6% ±1.2 pts | 2.4% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 76.1% ±2.9 pts | 77.2% | – |
| Carpooled | 8.2% ±2.4 pts | 7.0% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Walked | 2.2% ±1.3 pts | 1.0% | – |
| Worked from home | 12.8% ±2.2 pts | 14.1% | +8.1 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 28.0 min ±1.5 | 29.0 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Columbia?
8 census tracts lie mostly in Columbia, and 8 more reach into it (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $29,225 (Tract 105) to $95,762 (Tract 111.01).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 108.02Maury County | 7,788 | $67,431 |
| Tract 107Maury County | 5,484 | $51,700 |
| Tract 106Maury County | 5,468 | $62,750 |
| Tract 111.01Maury County | 5,473 | $95,762 |
| Tract 105Maury County | 5,352 | $29,225 |
| Tract 104.01Maury County | 4,157 | $57,350 |
| Tract 108.01Maury County | 3,729 | $94,675 |
| Tract 103.01Maury County | 8,456 | $86,154 |
| Tract 104.02Maury County | 3,858 | $61,386 |
| Tract 102.01Maury County | 9,761 | $112,458 |
| Tract 111.02Maury County | 4,056 | $67,008 |
| Tract 103.02Maury County | 3,092 | $90,000 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Columbia) · Census block assignment files
How does Columbia compare with other places in Tennessee?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Columbia is the 819th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 19th-most populous of 345 in Tennessee.
Columbia ranks 120th of 287 places in Tennessee with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 19th | 345 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 13th | 230 |
| Residents per square mile | 53rd | 289 |
| Median household income | 120th | 287 |
| Per capita income | 124th | 289 |
| Median home value | 69th | 285 |
| Median gross rent | 57th | 265 |
| Poverty rate | 133rd | 239 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 96th | 276 |
| Median age | 233rd | 289 |
| Owner-occupied share | 175th | 289 |
| Work from home | 73rd | 167 |
| Travel time to work | 92nd | 288 |
Columbia's figures with every place in Tennessee (CSV)
Every place in Tennessee, sortable · Compare Columbia with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Columbia?
5 of the 57 figures for Columbia on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Columbia are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Columbia.