City · Virginia
Salem, Virginia
Salem, city, in Salem city, Virginia. Salem had 25,816 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 1.9% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 25,346 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 25,618 (controlled total). GEOID 5170000.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
25,816
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 25,346 · ACS 2020-2024: 25,618
Median household income
$66,725
±$6,350 (90% margin)
Virginia: $93,170
Median home value
$258,600
±$12,481 (90% margin)
Virginia: $383,700
Median gross rent
$1,133
±$59 (90% margin)
Virginia: $1,579
Where is Salem and what county is it in?
Salem is a city in Salem city, Virginia. It covers 14.5 square miles of land, 1,746 residents per square mile in 2020.
Salem is in the Roanoke, VA metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 6 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Salem covers the same area as Salem city: the city and the county are one area, so the county's figures are Salem's; the county page lists its census tracts.
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Salem, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 25,816 people lived in Salem on July 1, 2025, up 1.9% since 2020, slower than Virginia (+2.9%). The 2020 Census counted 25,346 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 25,618.
| Measure | Salem | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 25,618 | 8,705,170 | +301 |
| Households | 10,256 ±223 | 3,365,732 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 2.28 ±0.05 | 2.52 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 11,112 ±34 | 3,684,756 | +272 |
Salem's population since 2000
From 24,747 in 2000 to 25,816 in 2025: up 4.3%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Salem as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Salem?
The median resident of Salem is 40.0 years old; 19.5% are under 18 and 19.6% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 81.6%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 8.7%. 4.5% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Salem | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 40.0 ±1.0 | 39.0 | −1.2 |
| Under 18 years | 19.5% ±0.2 pts | 21.7% | – |
| 65 years and over | 19.6% ±0.5 pts | 16.7% | – |
| Male | 47.6% ±0.7 pts | 49.4% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 4.8% | 11.0% | +1.5 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 81.6% ±0.5 pts | 58.4% | −3.7 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 8.7% ±0.7 pts | 18.3% | +2.1 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 2.0% ±0.3 pts | 6.9% | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.2% ±0.2 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.2 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 2.0% ±0.7 pts | 4.7% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.8% ±0.6 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 4.5% ±1.1 pts | 13.1% | no clear change |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 4.8% ±1.1 pts | 17.4% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 7.1% ±1.3 pts | 9.4% | – |
| With a disability | 12.6% ±1.5 pts | 12.5% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 4.3% ±1.1 pts | 6.9% | −2.1 pts |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 94.2% ±1.4 pts | 91.6% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 33.0% ±2.7 pts | 42.2% | +5.1 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 13.6% ±2.1 pts | 18.5% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 88.4% ±1.9 pts | 86.9% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.5% ±0.5 pts | 3.1% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Salem earn?
Half of Salem's 10,256 households earn less than $66,725 a year (±$6,350), against $66,725 in Salem city and $93,170 in Virginia. In 2015-2019 it was $70,353 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 10.2% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Salem | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $66,725 ±$6,350 | $93,170 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $96,247 ±$5,695 | $128,260 | – |
| Per capita income | $39,370 ±$2,196 | $50,666 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 10.2% ±2.5 pts | 9.9% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 16.2% ±6.4 pts | 12.3% | no clear change |
| Households receiving SNAP | 7.8% ±1.7 pts | 9.1% | – |
| Households with a computer | 95.3% ±1.4 pts | 95.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 91.1% ±2.3 pts | 91.0% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Salem?
Owners occupy 62.8% of Salem's occupied homes and renters 37.2%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $258,600 by its owner (±$12,481). The median renter pays $1,133 a month including utilities, and 36.8% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Salem | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $258,600 ±$12,481 | $383,700 | +$34,737 |
| Median gross rent | $1,133 ±$59 | $1,579 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 36.8% ±6.3 pts | 39.4% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,511 ±$62 | $2,127 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 62.8% ±2.7 pts | 67.3% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 37.2% ±2.7 pts | 32.7% | – |
| Housing units | 11,112 ±34 | 3,684,756 | +272 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.2% ±0.3 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 6.1% ±4.0 pts | 4.8% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 69.8% ±2.2 pts | 61.3% | – |
| Mobile homes | 2.6% ±0.9 pts | 4.3% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.8% ±0.4 pts | 1.7% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 3.9% ±1.2 pts | 9.9% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 13.1% ±2.5 pts | 7.0% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 6.4% ±1.9 pts | 6.1% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Salem building?
Builders took permits for 17 new housing units in Salem in 2025 (17 in single-family houses), 0.7 per 1,000 residents against 3.7 across Virginia.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Salem work and get to work?
76.7% of Salem's workers drive alone and 10.8% work from home. The average trip to work takes 19.0 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 3.6%.
| Measure | Salem | Virginia | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 59.9% ±2.2 pts | 65.4% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 3.6% ±1.4 pts | 4.3% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 76.7% ±3.6 pts | 67.6% | – |
| Carpooled | 6.9% ±1.9 pts | 8.0% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.1% ±0.2 pts | 2.3% | – |
| Walked | 5.1% ±1.9 pts | 2.1% | – |
| Worked from home | 10.8% ±2.4 pts | 18.3% | +4.2 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 19.0 min ±1.5 | 27.3 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Salem?
5 census tracts lie mostly in Salem (2020 census blocks). Their median household incomes run from $51,484 (Tract 103) to $90,984 (Tract 102).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 102Salem city | 6,411 | $90,984 |
| Tract 101Salem city | 6,095 | $66,618 |
| Tract 105.02Salem city | 5,066 | $71,484 |
| Tract 103Salem city | 4,741 | $51,484 |
| Tract 105.01Salem city | 3,305 | $57,222 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Salem) · Census block assignment files
How does Salem compare with other places in Virginia?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Salem is the 1,555th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 23rd-most populous of 227 in Virginia.
Salem ranks 241st of 365 places in Virginia with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 23rd | 227 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 53rd | 139 |
| Residents per square mile | 157th | 374 |
| Median household income | 241st | 365 |
| Per capita income | 204th | 374 |
| Median home value | 239th | 359 |
| Median gross rent | 212th | 341 |
| Poverty rate | 132nd | 263 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 196th | 359 |
| Median age | 172nd | 372 |
| Owner-occupied share | 238th | 368 |
| Work from home | 221st | 286 |
| Travel time to work | 326th | 372 |
Salem's figures with every place in Virginia (CSV)
Every place in Virginia, sortable · Compare Salem with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Salem?
5 of the 57 figures for Salem on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Salem are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Salem.