County · Missouri
Madison County, Missouri
Madison County, Missouri. Madison County had 12,858 residents in 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 1.9% since 2020, in line with Missouri (+1.9%). It holds 6 places (4 cities, villages and boroughs and 2 census-designated) and 4 census tracts. GEOID 29123.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
12,858
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 12,626 · ACS 2020-2024: 12,729
Median household income
$54,434
±$4,204 (90% margin)
Missouri: $70,702
Median home value
$159,000
±$9,436 (90% margin)
Missouri: $230,300
Median gross rent
$808
±$68 (90% margin)
Missouri: $1,033
How many people live in Madison County, and is it growing?
The 2020 Census counted 12,626 residents in Madison County. The Census Bureau estimates 12,858 for July 1, 2025, up 1.9% since 2020, in line with Missouri (+1.9%). The 2020-2024 American Community Survey puts the population at 12,729 over 494 square miles of land.
| Measure | Madison County | Missouri | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 12,729 | 6,191,814 | +550 |
| Households | 4,683±239 | 2,508,227 | −361 |
| Average household size | 2.66±0.14 | 2.40 | +0.28 |
| Housing units | 5,866±18 | 2,825,287 | −112 |
Madison County's population since 2000
From 11,800 in 2000 to 12,858 in 2025: up 9.0%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025); 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What cities and towns are in Madison County?
Madison County holds 6 places: 4 cities, villages and boroughs (incorporated places) and 2 census-designated places. The largest is Fredericktown with 4,584 residents (2025 estimate). Places that cross a county line are listed with the share of their 2020 residents who live in this county.
| Fredericktown | 4,429 | $49,375 |
|---|---|---|
| Mine La MotteGEOID 2948602 | 364 | $65,750 |
| Junction City | 283 | $35,682 |
| Cherokee PassGEOID 2913474 | 271 | not published |
| Cobalt | 264 | $34,750 |
| MarquandGEOID 2946244 | 186 | $45,268 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 place-by-county parts · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Madison County?
The median resident of Madison County is 41.1 years old; 23.3% are under 18 and 19.6% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 92.2%, then non-Hispanic residents of two or more races at 3.8%.
| Measure | Madison County | Missouri | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 41.1±0.9 | 39.0 | −1.1 |
| Under 18 years | 23.3%±0.4 pts | 22.3% | – |
| 65 years and over | 19.6%±0.4 pts | 17.9% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2.8% | 5.2% | +0.4 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 92.2%±0.8 pts | 76.3% | −2.4 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 0.3%±0.3 pts | 10.9% | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 0.3%±0.2 pts | 2.1% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.5%±0.6 pts | 0.2% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.3 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 3.8%±1.0 pts | 4.8% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.1%±0.2 pts | 0.4% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 1.4%±1.0 pts | 4.5% | – |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 2.6%±1.5 pts | 6.7% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 8.7%±1.5 pts | 7.3% | – |
| With a disability | 20.6%±2.3 pts | 14.9% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 10.6%±2.1 pts | 8.8% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 87.9%±2.8 pts | 91.9% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 16.3%±3.0 pts | 32.4% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 4.7%±1.4 pts | 12.6% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 1.5%±1.2 pts | 2.5% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Madison County earn?
Half of Madison County's 4,683 households earn less than $54,434 a year (±$4,204), against $70,702 in Missouri. In 2015-2019 it was $53,703 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 13.2% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Madison County | Missouri | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $54,434±$4,204 | $70,702 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $79,030±$11,436 | $96,247 | – |
| Per capita income | $31,291±$4,239 | $39,695 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 13.2%±4.0 pts | 12.6% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 22.4%±10.6 pts | 15.8% | no clear change |
| Households receiving SNAP | 13.4%±3.2 pts | 9.8% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 84.0%±3.3 pts | 89.3% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Madison County?
Owners occupy 73.7% of Madison County's occupied homes and renters 26.3%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $159,000 by its owner (±$9,436). The median renter pays $808 a month including utilities, and 25.9% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Madison County | Missouri | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $159,000±$9,436 | $230,300 | +$28,423 |
| Median gross rent | $808±$68 | $1,033 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 25.9%±9.1 pts | 36.6% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,120±$88 | $1,524 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 73.7%±3.5 pts | 68.1% | no clear change |
| Housing units | 5,866±18 | 2,825,287 | −112 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.1%±1.5 pts | 0.9% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 4.7%±5.1 pts | 5.0% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 74.1%±4.1 pts | 70.5% | – |
| Mobile homes | 13.0%±2.8 pts | 5.2% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 2.0%±1.4 pts | 1.6% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 10.5%±2.1 pts | 13.3% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Madison County building?
Builders took permits for 40 new housing units across Madison County in 2025 (0 single-family), 3.1 per 1,000 residents.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Madison County get to work?
74.4% of Madison County's workers drive alone and 11.0% work from home. The average trip to work takes 23.9 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 4.8%.
| Measure | Madison County | Missouri | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 56.4%±3.0 pts | 63.1% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 4.8%±1.9 pts | 4.0% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 74.4%±4.8 pts | 74.8% | – |
| Carpooled | 9.7%±3.2 pts | 8.1% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.7%±1.1 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Walked | 1.9%±1.2 pts | 1.8% | – |
| Worked from home | 11.0%±3.0 pts | 13.0% | +7.9 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 23.9 min±3.2 | 23.5 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What are Madison County's census tracts?
Madison County is divided into 4 census tracts. Among those with a reliable estimate, median household income runs from $44,414 (Tract 9602.01) to $86,250 (Tract 9603).
| Tract 960129123960100 | 3,141±383 | $48,934 |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 9602.0129123960201 | 2,685±328 | $44,414 |
| Tract 9602.0229123960202 | 2,998±353 | $57,500 |
| Tract 960329123960300 | 3,905±464 | $86,250 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Check it at data.census.gov
How does Madison County compare with Missouri's other counties?
| Measure | Rank |
|---|---|
| Population | 74th of 115 |
| Growth 2020-2025 | 53rd of 115 |
| Residents per square mile | 68th of 115 |
| Median household income | 82nd of 115 |
| Median home value | 73rd of 115 |
| Median gross rent | 37th of 115 |
| Poverty rate | 73rd of 115 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 80th of 115 |
| Median age | 55th of 115 |
Source: PlainCities ranks from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Madison County are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' school search.