Commonwealth
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico had 3,184,835 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, down 3.1% since 2020, while the United States grew 3.1%. 292 places (78 zonas urbanas and 214 comunidades, all census-designated) in 78 municipios; 3,425 square miles of land.
Residents, 2025 estimate
3,184,835
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 3,285,874
Median household income
$26,297
±$261 (90% margin)
Median home value
$131,500
±$959 (90% margin)
Median gross rent
$578
±$6 (90% margin)
How many people live in Puerto Rico?
The 2020 Census counted 3,285,874 residents in Puerto Rico. The Census Bureau estimates 3,184,835 for July 1, 2025, down 3.1% since 2020, while the United States grew 3.1%. 58.4% of residents live in an incorporated place or a census-designated place; the rest live outside any place.
| Measure | Puerto Rico | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 3,234,309 | −84,138 |
| Housing units | 1,634,357 ±4,364 | +73,521 |
Puerto Rico's population since 2000
From 3,808,610 in 2000 to 3,184,835 in 2025: down 16.4%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025; 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What are the largest cities in Puerto Rico?
San Juan zona urbana is Puerto Rico's largest place with 317,995 residents in 2020-2024, followed by Bayamón zona urbana (166,923 residents in 2020-2024) and Carolina zona urbana (138,633 residents in 2020-2024).
Puerto Rico's places are the urban cores (zonas urbanas) and communities of its 78 municipios. The largest municipio, the county-level unit most sources mean by a city's name, is San Juan Municipio with 329,737 residents on July 1, 2025.
| Place | Residents | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| San Juan zona urbana | 317,995 | $28,562 |
| Bayamón zona urbana | 166,923 | $31,750 |
| Carolina zona urbana | 138,633 | $37,726 |
| Ponce zona urbana | 107,805 | $19,470 |
| Caguas zona urbana | 72,922 | $27,054 |
| Guaynabo zona urbana | 70,599 | $57,272 |
| Mayagüez zona urbana | 58,977 | $17,410 |
| Trujillo Alto zona urbana | 43,611 | $42,795 |
| Arecibo zona urbana | 40,831 | $22,968 |
| Mansión del Mar | 25,510 | $38,823 |
| Fajardo zona urbana | 24,269 | $25,380 |
| Vega Baja zona urbana | 22,756 | $23,353 |
| Cataño zona urbana | 22,467 | $25,508 |
| Guayama zona urbana | 18,216 | $20,955 |
| Humacao zona urbana | 15,787 | $22,172 |
| Candelaria | 14,868 | $41,734 |
| Cayey zona urbana | 14,655 | $21,897 |
| Yauco zona urbana | 14,630 | $25,188 |
| Canóvanas zona urbana | 12,689 | $47,616 |
| Dorado zona urbana | 12,425 | $46,519 |
| Río Grande zona urbana | 12,375 | $22,042 |
| Caño Martin Peña | 11,618 | $19,149 |
| Isabela zona urbana | 11,048 | $21,796 |
| Aguadilla zona urbana | 11,033 | $13,617 |
| Hormigueros zona urbana | 10,975 | $27,399 |
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025); American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Census population estimates
What municipios are in Puerto Rico?
Puerto Rico has 78 municipios. San Juan Municipio is the largest with 329,737 residents in 2025; Culebra Municipio is the smallest with 1,735.
- San Juan Municipio 329,737
- Bayamón Municipio 180,562
- Carolina Municipio 149,874
- Ponce Municipio 128,384
- Caguas Municipio 124,161
- Guaynabo Municipio 89,055
- Arecibo Municipio 85,539
- Toa Baja Municipio 70,931
- Mayagüez Municipio 68,905
- Trujillo Alto Municipio 66,348
- Toa Alta Municipio 65,754
- Vega Baja Municipio 53,505
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025), U.S. Census Bureau · Census population estimates
Who lives in Puerto Rico?
The median resident of Puerto Rico is 44.8 years old; 16.1% are under 18 and 23.4% are 65 or older. The largest group is Hispanic or Latino residents (of any race) at 99.0%, then non-Hispanic white residents at 0.6%.
| Measure | Puerto Rico | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 44.8 ±0.2 | +3.1 |
| Under 18 years | 16.1% | – |
| 65 years and over | 23.4% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 99.0% ±0.1 pts | +0.3 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 0.6% ±0.1 pts | −0.4 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 5.7% ±0.1 pts | −0.9 pts |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Puerto Rico earn?
Half of Puerto Rico's households earn less than $26,297 a year (±$261). In 2015-2019 the median was $25,277 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $1,020 after inflation. 40.5% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Puerto Rico | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $26,297 ±$261 | +$1,020 |
| Mean household income | $41,994 ±$452 | – |
| Per capita income | $17,981 ±$179 | +$2,088 |
| People below the poverty line | 40.5% ±0.4 pts | −3.6 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 54.9% ±0.8 pts | −2.2 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 47.4% ±0.3 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Puerto Rico?
Owners occupy 67.9% of Puerto Rico's occupied homes and renters 32.1%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $131,500 by its owner (±$959). The median renter pays $578 a month including utilities, and 42.3% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Puerto Rico | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $131,500 ±$959 | −$5,722 |
| Median gross rent | $578 ±$6 | −$10 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 42.3% ±0.9 pts | −2.8 pts |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $946 ±$8 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 67.9% ±0.3 pts | no clear change |
| Housing units | 1,634,357 ±4,364 | +73,521 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.3% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 5.1% ±0.2 pts | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 68.0% ±0.2 pts | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.2% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.2% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 1.8% ±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Puerto Rico building?
Puerto Rico reported no 2025 permit totals.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files summed by state, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Puerto Rico get to work?
82.6% of Puerto Rico's workers drive alone and 6.1% work from home. The average trip to work takes 28.0 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 10.7%.
| Measure | Puerto Rico | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 46.4% ±0.2 pts | – |
| Unemployment rate | 10.7% ±0.2 pts | −5.4 pts |
| Drove alone to work | 82.6% ±0.3 pts | – |
| Carpooled | 6.4% ±0.2 pts | – |
| Public transportation | 0.9% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Walked | 2.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Worked from home | 6.1% ±0.2 pts | +3.8 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 28.0 min ±0.2 | −1.3 min |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections