State
Vermont
Vermont. Vermont had 644,663 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 0.2% since 2020, slower than the United States (+3.1%). 417 places (40 incorporated, 237 towns and townships and 140 census-designated) in 14 counties; 9,217 square miles of land.
Residents, 2025 estimate
644,663
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 643,077
Median household income
$81,203
±$1,339 (90% margin)
Median home value
$316,600
±$3,361 (90% margin)
Median gross rent
$1,234
±$18 (90% margin)
How many people live in Vermont?
The 2020 Census counted 643,077 residents in Vermont. The Census Bureau estimates 644,663 for July 1, 2025, up 0.2% since 2020, slower than the United States (+3.1%). 43.0% of residents live in an incorporated place or a census-designated place (a city, village, borough or CDP); the state is also divided into 237 towns and townships that are local governments, and many of those places lie inside one.
Vermont is the 49th-most populous of the 50 states by the July 2025 estimates (every state ranked).
| Measure | Vermont | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 647,106 | +22,793 |
| Households | 273,416±1,473 | +13,387 |
| Average household size | 2.28±0.01 | −0.02 |
| Housing units | 339,042±187 | +4,043 |
Vermont's population since 2000
From 608,827 in 2000 to 644,663 in 2025: up 5.9%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025; 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What are the largest cities in Vermont?
Burlington is Vermont's largest place with 44,019 residents in 2025, followed by South Burlington (21,394 residents in 2025) and Colchester (17,565 residents in 2025).
| Place | Residents | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Burlington | 44,019 | $71,109 |
| South Burlington | 21,394 | $106,667 |
| Colchester | 17,565 | $97,891 |
| Rutland city | 15,363 | $57,675 |
| Bennington | 14,953 | $59,446 |
| Brattleboro | 11,872 | $58,241 |
| Essex | 11,346 | $110,199 |
| Essex Junction | 10,921 | $89,257 |
| Hartford | 10,911 | $78,125 |
| Milton | 10,646 | $118,977 |
| Williston | 9,975 | $106,967 |
| Bennington CDP | 9,245 | $54,257 |
| Middlebury | 9,208 | $86,169 |
| Springfield | 8,881 | $66,571 |
| Winooski | 8,239 | $79,522 |
| Barre city | 8,214 | $65,625 |
| Shelburne | 8,133 | $115,963 |
| Barre | 8,001 | $93,210 |
| Montpelier | 7,823 | $81,030 |
| Brattleboro CDP | 7,657 | $52,734 |
| St. Johnsbury | 7,354 | $57,738 |
| Middlebury CDP | 7,220 | $86,250 |
| St. Albans | 7,147 | $90,060 |
| St. Albans city | 6,939 | $57,980 |
| Swanton | 6,894 | $81,371 |
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025); American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Census population estimates
What counties are in Vermont?
Vermont has 14 counties. Chittenden County is the largest with 169,115 residents in 2025; Essex County is the smallest with 6,051.
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025), U.S. Census Bureau · Census population estimates
Who lives in Vermont?
The median resident of Vermont is 43.1 years old; 17.9% are under 18 and 21.4% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 89.9%, then non-Hispanic residents of two or more races at 4.1%. 4.3% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Vermont | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 43.1±0.2 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 17.9%±0.1 pts | – |
| 65 years and over | 21.4%±0.1 pts | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2.6% | +0.7 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 89.9%±0.1 pts | −2.9 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 1.1%±0.1 pts | −0.2 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 1.8%±0.1 pts | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1%±0.1 pts | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.1 pts | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.1%±0.2 pts | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.4%±0.1 pts | – |
| Born outside the United States | 4.3%±0.2 pts | −0.4 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 5.5%±0.2 pts | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 6.2%±0.2 pts | – |
| With a disability | 14.4%±0.3 pts | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 3.9%±0.2 pts | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 94.9%±0.2 pts | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 43.8%±0.6 pts | +5.8 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 18.6%±0.4 pts | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 4.3%±0.2 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Vermont earn?
Half of Vermont's 273,416 households earn less than $81,203 a year (±$1,339). In 2015-2019 the median was $76,270 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $4,933 after inflation. 10.1% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Vermont | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $81,203±$1,339 | +$4,933 |
| Mean household income | $107,852±$1,376 | – |
| Per capita income | $46,500±$569 | +$3,946 |
| People below the poverty line | 10.1%±0.4 pts | −0.8 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 10.8%±0.8 pts | −2.2 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 10.6%±0.4 pts | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 89.7%±0.4 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Vermont?
Owners occupy 73.2% of Vermont's occupied homes and renters 26.8%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $316,600 by its owner (±$3,361). The median renter pays $1,234 a month including utilities, and 38.3% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Vermont | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $316,600±$3,361 | +$36,371 |
| Median gross rent | $1,234±$18 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 38.3%±1.4 pts | −2.4 pts |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,907±$17 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 73.2%±0.5 pts | +2.4 pts |
| Housing units | 339,042±187 | +4,043 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.7%±0.2 pts | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 3.0%±0.6 pts | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 67.3%±0.4 pts | – |
| Mobile homes | 5.9%±0.3 pts | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 0.9%±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 24.4%±0.5 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Vermont building?
Builders took permits for 2,294 new housing units in Vermont in 2025 (1,287 single-family), 3.6 per 1,000 residents.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files summed by state, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Vermont get to work?
68.5% of Vermont's workers drive alone and 16.9% work from home. The average trip to work takes 23.5 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 3.6%.
| Measure | Vermont | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 64.6%±0.5 pts | – |
| Unemployment rate | 3.6%±0.2 pts | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 68.5%±0.6 pts | – |
| Carpooled | 7.7%±0.4 pts | – |
| Public transportation | 0.8%±0.1 pts | – |
| Walked | 4.4%±0.3 pts | – |
| Worked from home | 16.9%±0.4 pts | +10.1 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 23.5 min±0.3 | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections