County · Pennsylvania
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Cumberland County had 277,270 residents in 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 6.9% since 2020, faster than Pennsylvania (+0.4%). It holds 43 places (11 cities, villages and boroughs, 22 towns and townships and 10 census-designated) and 55 census tracts. GEOID 42041.
Cumberland County is one of the 3 counties of the Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA metropolitan statistical area (the Census Bureau's July 2023 delineation).
Residents, July 2025 estimate
277,270
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 259,469 · ACS 2020-2024: 268,323
Median household income
$87,494
±$2,786 (90% margin)
Pennsylvania: $77,971
Median home value
$277,600
±$4,540 (90% margin)
Pennsylvania: $254,500
Median gross rent
$1,249
±$36 (90% margin)
Pennsylvania: $1,209
How many people live in Cumberland County, and is it growing?
The 2020 Census counted 259,469 residents in Cumberland County. The Census Bureau estimates 277,270 for July 1, 2025, up 6.9% since 2020, faster than Pennsylvania (+0.4%). The 2020-2024 American Community Survey puts the population at 268,323 over 545 square miles of land.
| Measure | Cumberland County | Pennsylvania | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 268,323 | 13,018,639 | +18,995 |
| Households | 106,427±704 | 5,274,853 | +6,623 |
| Average household size | 2.40±0.02 | 2.39 | +0.03 |
| Housing units | 111,278±111 | 5,806,452 | +5,250 |
Cumberland County's population since 2000
From 213,674 in 2000 to 277,270 in 2025: up 29.8%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025); 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What cities and towns are in Cumberland County?
Cumberland County holds 43 places: 11 cities, villages and boroughs (incorporated places), 22 towns and townships (county subdivisions with their own government) and 10 census-designated places. The largest is Hampden Township with 35,401 residents (2025 estimate). Places that cross a county line are listed with the share of their 2020 residents who live in this county.
| Hampden Township | 32,761 | $105,434 |
|---|---|---|
| Upper Allen Township | 23,183 | $99,197 |
| East Pennsboro Township | 20,910 | $83,388 |
| Carlisle | 20,118 | $61,720 |
| Lower Allen Township | 20,099 | $91,678 |
| Silver Spring Township | 19,557 | $125,102 |
| South Middleton Township | 16,135 | $92,421 |
| North Middleton Township | 12,039 | $84,580 |
| Mechanicsburg | 9,311 | $84,421 |
| Camp Hill | 8,130 | $115,761 |
| New Cumberland | 7,507 | $82,154 |
| Southampton Township, Cumberland County | 7,504 | $81,392 |
| Lower Allen | 7,465 | $88,533 |
| Middlesex Township, Cumberland County | 7,021 | $76,833 |
| Schlusser | 6,806 | $92,234 |
| Monroe Township, Cumberland County | 6,230 | $124,443 |
| Enola | 6,103 | $72,135 |
| West Pennsboro Township | 5,595 | $81,433 |
| Dickinson Township | 5,294 | $104,716 |
| Lemoyne | 4,659 | $62,086 |
| Shippensburg | 5,478 | $51,503 |
| Shippensburg Township | 4,286 | $53,445 |
| Boiling Springs | 3,449 | $126,927 |
| Wormleysburg | 3,043 | $88,250 |
| Penn Township, Cumberland County | 2,874 | $80,500 |
| Messiah CollegeGEOID 4248868 | 2,841 | not published |
| North Newton Township | 2,546 | $78,125 |
| Hopewell Township, Cumberland County | 2,452 | $75,515 |
| Upper Frankford Township | 2,128 | $77,862 |
| Mount Holly Springs | 1,995 | $65,156 |
| Shippensburg UniversityGEOID 4270362 | 1,890 | not published |
| Lower Frankford Township | 1,757 | $76,797 |
| Lower Mifflin Township | 1,755 | $60,682 |
| Shiremanstown | 1,634 | $75,260 |
| Newville | 1,376 | $59,087 |
| South Newton Township | 1,371 | $78,167 |
| Upper Mifflin Township | 1,319 | $83,047 |
| West Fairview | 1,138 | $76,583 |
| Carlisle BarracksGEOID 4211280 | 938 | $126,400 |
| New KingstownGEOID 4253752 | 709 | not published |
| PlainfieldGEOID 4261080 | 443 | $73,977 |
| Newburg (Cumberland County)GEOID 4253344 | 364 | $103,005 |
| Cooke Township | 201 | $103,750 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 place-by-county parts · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Cumberland County?
The median resident of Cumberland County is 40.2 years old; 20.5% are under 18 and 19.0% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 80.7%, then non-Hispanic Asian residents at 5.7%. 7.5% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Cumberland County | Pennsylvania | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 40.2±0.2 | 40.9 | −0.4 |
| Under 18 years | 20.5%±0.1 pts | 20.4% | – |
| 65 years and over | 19.0%±0.1 pts | 19.5% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5.1% | 8.7% | +1.2 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 80.7%±0.2 pts | 73.0% | −5.0 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 4.1%±0.3 pts | 10.3% | +0.4 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 5.7%±0.2 pts | 3.8% | +1.4 pts |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.1 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.1 pts | 0.0% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.0%±0.5 pts | 3.6% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.4%±0.1 pts | 0.5% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 7.5%±0.4 pts | 7.7% | +1.3 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 10.4%±0.5 pts | 12.4% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 8.3%±0.5 pts | 6.1% | – |
| With a disability | 13.1%±0.6 pts | 14.4% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 5.4%±0.5 pts | 5.6% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 93.7%±0.5 pts | 92.1% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 40.0%±1.2 pts | 35.2% | +3.4 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 16.2%±0.9 pts | 14.3% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.3%±0.4 pts | 1.9% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Cumberland County earn?
Half of Cumberland County's 106,427 households earn less than $87,494 a year (±$2,786), against $77,971 in Pennsylvania. In 2015-2019 it was $87,710 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 7.5% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Cumberland County | Pennsylvania | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $87,494±$2,786 | $77,971 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $112,868±$2,440 | $107,538 | – |
| Per capita income | $46,149±$996 | $44,355 | no clear change |
| People below the poverty line | 7.5%±0.7 pts | 11.7% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 9.2%±1.4 pts | 15.6% | no clear change |
| Households receiving SNAP | 7.8%±0.6 pts | 14.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 92.2%±0.6 pts | 89.7% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Cumberland County?
Owners occupy 71.3% of Cumberland County's occupied homes and renters 28.7%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $277,600 by its owner (±$4,540). The median renter pays $1,249 a month including utilities, and 33.7% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Cumberland County | Pennsylvania | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $277,600±$4,540 | $254,500 | +$27,892 |
| Median gross rent | $1,249±$36 | $1,209 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 33.7%±2.7 pts | 39.5% | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,802±$25 | $1,762 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 71.3%±1.2 pts | 69.3% | no clear change |
| Housing units | 111,278±111 | 5,806,452 | +5,250 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.6%±0.5 pts | 0.8% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 1.7%±0.9 pts | 4.9% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 60.1%±1.0 pts | 56.6% | – |
| Mobile homes | 4.6%±0.6 pts | 3.5% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 2.0%±0.3 pts | 1.0% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 15.5%±0.9 pts | 25.0% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Cumberland County building?
Builders took permits for 745 new housing units across Cumberland County in 2025 (607 single-family), 2.7 per 1,000 residents.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Cumberland County get to work?
71.0% of Cumberland County's workers drive alone and 17.7% work from home. The average trip to work takes 21.8 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 3.7%.
| Measure | Cumberland County | Pennsylvania | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 63.7%±0.6 pts | 62.7% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 3.7%±0.5 pts | 5.3% | no clear change |
| Drove alone to work | 71.0%±1.1 pts | 68.2% | – |
| Carpooled | 6.0%±0.6 pts | 7.5% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.2%±0.1 pts | 3.6% | – |
| Walked | 3.5%±0.4 pts | 3.3% | – |
| Worked from home | 17.7%±0.9 pts | 15.6% | +12.6 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 21.8 min±0.6 | 26.3 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What are Cumberland County's census tracts?
Cumberland County is divided into 55 census tracts. Among those with a reliable estimate, median household income runs from $36,695 (Tract 122) to $144,934 (Tract 104).
All 55 census tracts of Cumberland County, with their figures
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Check it at data.census.gov
How does Cumberland County compare with Pennsylvania's other counties?
| Measure | Rank |
|---|---|
| Population | 16th of 67 |
| Growth 2020-2025 | 2nd of 67 |
| Residents per square mile | 13th of 67 |
| Median household income | 7th of 67 |
| Median home value | 10th of 67 |
| Median gross rent | 11th of 67 |
| Poverty rate | 64th of 67 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 7th of 67 |
| Median age | 57th of 67 |
Source: PlainCities ranks from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Cumberland County are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' school search.