State
Alabama
Alabama. Alabama had 5,193,088 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 3.3% since 2020, in line with the United States (+3.1%). 594 places (463 incorporated and 131 census-designated) in 67 counties; 50,651 square miles of land.
Residents, 2025 estimate
5,193,088
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 5,024,279
Median household income
$63,999
±$399 (90% margin)
Median home value
$209,900
±$1,076 (90% margin)
Median gross rent
$1,007
±$8 (90% margin)
How many people live in Alabama?
The 2020 Census counted 5,024,279 residents in Alabama. The Census Bureau estimates 5,193,088 for July 1, 2025, up 3.3% since 2020, in line with the United States (+3.1%). 67.2% of residents live in an incorporated place or a census-designated place; the rest live outside any place.
Alabama is the 24th-most populous of the 50 states by the July 2025 estimates (every state ranked).
| Measure | Alabama | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 5,086,768 | +210,518 |
| Households | 1,997,247±6,490 | +129,354 |
| Average household size | 2.48±0.01 | −0.07 |
| Housing units | 2,337,265±430 | +82,239 |
Alabama's population since 2000
From 4,447,100 in 2000 to 5,193,088 in 2025: up 16.8%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025; 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What are the largest cities in Alabama?
Huntsville is Alabama's largest place with 233,627 residents in 2025, followed by Mobile (200,824 residents in 2025) and Birmingham (195,893 residents in 2025).
| Place | Residents | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Huntsville | 233,627 | $74,714 |
| Mobile | 200,824 | $53,558 |
| Birmingham | 195,893 | $46,051 |
| Montgomery | 195,300 | $56,811 |
| Tuscaloosa | 114,316 | $51,464 |
| Hoover | 93,550 | $109,253 |
| Auburn | 85,113 | $63,668 |
| Dothan | 72,060 | $55,792 |
| Madison | 67,968 | $134,655 |
| Decatur | 58,056 | $61,563 |
| Florence | 42,581 | $52,174 |
| Prattville | 40,582 | $81,337 |
| Phenix City | 38,344 | $50,053 |
| Vestavia Hills | 38,306 | $134,369 |
| Opelika | 35,765 | $65,004 |
| Alabaster | 34,748 | $91,357 |
| Athens | 34,209 | $69,922 |
| Gadsden | 33,367 | $40,345 |
| Northport | 31,648 | $80,913 |
| Daphne | 31,396 | $87,250 |
| Enterprise | 31,211 | $73,125 |
| Foley | 30,354 | $66,336 |
| Homewood | 28,118 | $94,485 |
| Trussville | 27,273 | $123,275 |
| Fairhope | 26,625 | $94,274 |
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025); American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Census population estimates
What counties are in Alabama?
Alabama has 67 counties. Jefferson County is the largest with 665,742 residents in 2025; Greene County is the smallest with 7,067.
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025), U.S. Census Bureau · Census population estimates
Who lives in Alabama?
The median resident of Alabama is 39.3 years old; 22.2% are under 18 and 17.8% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 63.4%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 25.6%. 4.0% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Alabama | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 39.3±0.2 | +0.3 |
| Under 18 years | 22.2%±0.1 pts | – |
| 65 years and over | 17.8%±0.1 pts | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5.6%±0.1 pts | +1.3 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 63.4%±0.1 pts | −2.1 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 25.6%±0.1 pts | −0.9 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 1.4%±0.1 pts | no clear change |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.3%±0.1 pts | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.1 pts | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 3.3%±0.1 pts | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.4%±0.1 pts | – |
| Born outside the United States | 4.0%±0.1 pts | +0.5 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 6.0%±0.1 pts | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 7.7%±0.1 pts | – |
| With a disability | 16.5%±0.1 pts | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 9.2%±0.2 pts | −0.3 pts |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 88.6%±0.2 pts | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 28.4%±0.3 pts | +2.9 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 11.1%±0.2 pts | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.4%±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Alabama earn?
Half of Alabama's 1,997,247 households earn less than $63,999 a year (±$399). In 2015-2019 the median was $62,194 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $1,805 after inflation. 15.6% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Alabama | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $63,999±$399 | +$1,805 |
| Mean household income | $88,898±$517 | – |
| Per capita income | $36,087±$217 | +$1,716 |
| People below the poverty line | 15.6%±0.2 pts | −1.1 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 21.3%±0.5 pts | −2.6 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 13.7%±0.2 pts | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 87.5%±0.2 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Alabama?
Owners occupy 70.2% of Alabama's occupied homes and renters 29.8%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $209,900 by its owner (±$1,076). The median renter pays $1,007 a month including utilities, and 39.9% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Alabama | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $209,900±$1,076 | +$34,280 |
| Median gross rent | $1,007±$8 | +$32 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 39.9%±0.7 pts | no clear change |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,433±$8 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 70.2%±0.3 pts | +1.4 pts |
| Housing units | 2,337,265±430 | +82,239 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.1%±0.1 pts | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 7.2%±0.3 pts | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 69.1%±0.2 pts | – |
| Mobile homes | 12.3%±0.2 pts | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 2.3%±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 4.9%±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Alabama building?
Builders took permits for 19,061 new housing units in Alabama in 2025 (15,402 single-family), 3.7 per 1,000 residents.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files summed by state, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Alabama get to work?
80.6% of Alabama's workers drive alone and 8.8% work from home. The average trip to work takes 25.5 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 4.7%.
| Measure | Alabama | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 58.3%±0.2 pts | – |
| Unemployment rate | 4.7%±0.1 pts | −1.2 pts |
| Drove alone to work | 80.6%±0.3 pts | – |
| Carpooled | 8.0%±0.2 pts | – |
| Public transportation | 0.3%±0.1 pts | – |
| Walked | 1.1%±0.1 pts | – |
| Worked from home | 8.8%±0.2 pts | +5.5 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 25.5 min±0.1 | +0.6 min |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections