City · Alabama
Clay, Alabama
Clay, city, in Jefferson County, Alabama. Clay had 10,198 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, down 0.9% since 2020; the 2020 Census counted 10,291 and the ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates put it at 10,273 (±30). GEOID 0115256.
Residents, July 2025 estimate
10,198
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 10,291 · ACS 2020-2024: 10,273 ±30
Median household income
$81,920
±$21,822 (90% margin)
Alabama: $63,999
Median home value
$220,600
±$23,398 (90% margin)
Alabama: $209,900
Median gross rent
$2,240
±$349 (90% margin)
Alabama: $1,007
Where is Clay and what county is it in?
Clay is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama. It covers 11.3 square miles of land, 913 residents per square mile in 2020.
Clay is in the Birmingham, AL metropolitan statistical area, which takes in 7 counties (Census Bureau delineation, July 2023).
Source: 2024 Gazetteer and 2020 place-by-county files, U.S. Census Bureau · Census reference files
How many people live in Clay, and is it growing?
The Census Bureau estimates that 10,198 people lived in Clay on July 1, 2025, down 0.9% since 2020, while Alabama grew 3.3%. The 2020 Census counted 10,291 residents. The 2020-2024 American Community Survey, a five-year sample, puts the population at 10,273 (±30).
| Measure | Clay | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 10,273 ±30 | 667,755 | +385 |
| Households | 3,740 ±269 | 269,883 | no clear change |
| Average household size | 2.74 ±0.20 | 2.40 | no clear change |
| Housing units | 4,335 ±385 | 310,789 | +666 |
Clay's population since 2000
From 4,947 in 2000 to 10,198 in 2025: up 106.1%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts, each for Clay as it was drawn that year: a place that annexed land, or a community that has since incorporated, covered a different area then. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); Census PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025, CO-EST2025); 2020 Census P.L. 94-171 · Check it at data.census.gov
Who lives in Clay?
The median resident of Clay is 39.9 years old; 28.2% are under 18 and 18.9% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 47.0%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 43.0%.
| Measure | Clay | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 39.9 ±3.4 | 37.7 | no clear change |
| Under 18 years | 28.2% ±5.0 pts | 22.9% | – |
| 65 years and over | 18.9% ±5.7 pts | 16.8% | – |
| Male | 46.9% ±3.1 pts | 47.5% | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 3.4% ±2.3 pts | 5.5% | – |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 47.0% ±9.0 pts | 47.5% | −12.6 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 43.0% ±8.8 pts | 42.1% | no clear change |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 2.5% ±3.0 pts | 1.9% | – |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 2.6% ±2.5 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.4 pts | 0.1% | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 1.5% ±1.6 pts | 2.3% | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.0% ±0.4 pts | 0.5% | – |
| Born outside the United States | 2.3% ±1.6 pts | 4.9% | – |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 3.2% ±2.0 pts | 7.6% | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 5.8% ±2.2 pts | 5.7% | – |
| With a disability | 18.4% ±6.1 pts | 15.4% | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 5.8% ±2.2 pts | 9.4% | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 93.1% ±4.4 pts | 91.2% | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 23.2% ±5.0 pts | 36.2% | no clear change |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 6.8% ±2.5 pts | 14.8% | – |
| Lived in the same house a year earlier | 90.5% ±4.4 pts | 87.1% | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 0.7% ±0.8 pts | 1.9% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profiles DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Clay earn?
Half of Clay's 3,740 households earn less than $81,920 a year (±$21,822), against $66,388 in Jefferson County and $63,999 in Alabama. In 2015-2019 it was $91,548 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 17.3% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Clay | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $81,920 ±$21,822 | $66,388 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $85,549 ±$10,692 | $99,682 | – |
| Per capita income | $30,802 ±$3,807 | $41,013 | −$8,329 |
| People below the poverty line | 17.3% ±7.4 pts | 15.7% | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 31.4% ±16.3 pts | 21.8% | – |
| Households receiving SNAP | 8.1% ±4.0 pts | 14.2% | – |
| Households with a computer | 92.2% ±8.3 pts | 95.4% | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 85.3% ±10.0 pts | 90.4% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Clay?
Owners occupy 90.5% of Clay's occupied homes and renters 9.5%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $220,600 by its owner (±$23,398). The median renter pays $2,240 a month including utilities, and 54.0% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Clay | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $220,600 ±$23,398 | $240,000 | +$29,842 |
| Median gross rent | $2,240 ±$349 | $1,193 | +$1,196 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 54.0% ±24.9 pts | 43.5% | – |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $1,439 ±$115 | $1,619 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 90.5% ±5.2 pts | 63.9% | no clear change |
| Renter-occupied homes | 9.5% ±5.2 pts | 36.1% | – |
| Housing units | 4,335 ±385 | 310,789 | +666 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.4% ±1.9 pts | 1.2% | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 46.2% ±30.6 pts | 7.0% | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 86.6% ±9.1 pts | 68.6% | – |
| Mobile homes | 0.0% ±0.9 pts | 3.1% | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 1.8% ±2.7 pts | 1.2% | – |
| Built 2010 to 2019 | 5.6% ±2.7 pts | 7.6% | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 3.2% ±2.8 pts | 10.3% | – |
| Households with no vehicle | 1.0% ±1.3 pts | 7.0% | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Clay building?
Builders took permits for 8 new housing units in Clay in 2025 (8 in single-family houses), 0.8 per 1,000 residents against 3.7 across Alabama.
Counts of units in permits a local office issued; not every permitted unit is built. A year marked with months was reported for part of the year.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual place files 2019-2025, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Clay work and get to work?
89.2% of Clay's workers drive alone and 6.4% work from home. The average trip to work takes 32.4 minutes.
| Measure | Clay | Jefferson County | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 62.1% ±6.8 pts | 61.5% | – |
| Unemployment rate | 4.6% ±3.1 pts | 4.7% | – |
| Drove alone to work | 89.2% ±4.6 pts | 77.3% | – |
| Carpooled | 3.9% ±3.7 pts | 8.2% | – |
| Public transportation | 0.0% ±0.8 pts | 0.6% | – |
| Walked | 0.3% ±0.5 pts | 1.6% | – |
| Worked from home | 6.4% ±3.2 pts | 11.1% | no clear change |
| Mean travel time to work | 32.4 min ±4.3 | 24.1 min | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (Data Profile DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What census tracts are in Clay?
No census tract lies mostly in Clay; 9 tracts reach into it (2020 census blocks).
| Tract | Residents, 2020-2024 | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Tract 111.10Jefferson County | 6,568 | $98,984 |
| Tract 112.08Jefferson County | 4,865 | $60,200 |
| Tract 118.05Jefferson County | 3,943 | $35,733 |
| Tract 111.17Jefferson County | 5,052 | $86,549 |
| Tract 111.16Jefferson County | 2,593 | $106,719 |
| Tract 111.12Jefferson County | 4,028 | $58,596 |
| Tract 112.05Jefferson County | 1,965 | $76,250 |
| Tract 112.06Jefferson County | 6,265 | $102,188 |
| Tract 112.07Jefferson County | 4,849 | $56,743 |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); 2020 block assignment files (tract share = share of the tract's census blocks in Clay) · Census block assignment files
How does Clay compare with other places in Alabama?
By the Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates, Clay is the 3,167th-most populous of the 19,476 U.S. incorporated places that have one and the 66th-most populous of 463 in Alabama.
Clay ranks 59th of 305 places in Alabama with 1,000 or more residents and a reliable estimate, by median household income.
| Measure | Rank | Of |
|---|---|---|
| Population, July 2025 estimate | 66th | 463 |
| Growth 2020-2025 (PEP) | 162nd | 257 |
| Residents per square mile | 54th | 311 |
| Median household income | 59th | 305 |
| Per capita income | 156th | 311 |
| Median home value | 87th | 304 |
| Median gross rent | 3rd | 274 |
| Poverty rate | 142nd | 258 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 113th | 295 |
| Median age | 146th | 309 |
| Owner-occupied share | 35th | 310 |
| Work from home | 102nd | 138 |
| Travel time to work | 47th | 310 |
Clay's figures with every place in Alabama (CSV)
Every place in Alabama, sortable · Compare Clay with other places
Source: PlainCities ranks computed from the American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) and PEP Vintage 2025 · How ranks are computed
How reliable are the figures for Clay?
18 of the 57 figures for Clay on this page carry a coefficient of variation over 40% and are marked with a ring: they come from a small sample, so read them as rough.
The American Community Survey samples about one household in eight over five years, so every figure is an estimate with a 90% margin of error (shown under each value). A ring marks an estimate whose coefficient of variation is over 40%. A change is called only when the gap between the two periods is larger than their combined 90% margin (the square root of the sum of the two squared margins), the Census Bureau's test. How to read a margin of error.
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026): margins of error as published · ACS technical documentation
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections
Not on this page: crime, weather and schools for Clay are other agencies' records. Crime: the FBI's Crime Data Explorer · climate: NOAA's U.S. Climate Normals · schools: the National Center for Education Statistics' public schools in Clay.