State
Texas
Texas. Texas had 31,709,821 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 8.8% since 2020, faster than the United States (+3.1%). 1,863 places (1,228 incorporated and 635 census-designated) in 254 counties; 261,259 square miles of land.
Residents, 2025 estimate
31,709,821
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 29,145,505
Median household income
$78,476
±$263 (90% margin)
Median home value
$283,800
±$738 (90% margin)
Median gross rent
$1,403
±$4 (90% margin)
How many people live in Texas?
The 2020 Census counted 29,145,505 residents in Texas. The Census Bureau estimates 31,709,821 for July 1, 2025, up 8.8% since 2020, faster than the United States (+3.1%). 77.1% of residents live in an incorporated place or a census-designated place; the rest live outside any place.
Texas is the 2nd-most populous of the 50 states by the July 2025 estimates (every state ranked).
| Measure | Texas | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 30,188,424 | +1,927,568 |
| Households | 10,992,816 ±15,813 | +1,301,169 |
| Average household size | 2.69 ±0.01 | −0.16 |
| Housing units | 12,128,515 ±1,574 | +1,191,489 |
Texas's population since 2000
From 20,851,820 in 2000 to 31,709,821 in 2025: up 52.1%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025; 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What are the largest cities in Texas?
Houston is Texas's largest place with 2,397,315 residents in 2025, followed by San Antonio (1,548,422 residents in 2025) and Dallas (1,329,491 residents in 2025).
| Place | Residents | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Houston | 2,397,315 | $64,813 |
| San Antonio | 1,548,422 | $65,056 |
| Dallas | 1,329,491 | $70,518 |
| Fort Worth | 1,028,117 | $79,507 |
| Austin | 1,002,632 | $93,658 |
| El Paso | 683,012 | $59,745 |
| Arlington | 402,134 | $75,171 |
| Corpus Christi | 317,247 | $67,394 |
| Plano | 293,028 | $112,253 |
| Lubbock | 273,071 | $60,895 |
| Laredo | 269,515 | $63,915 |
| Irving | 257,076 | $81,830 |
| Garland | 249,625 | $76,320 |
| Frisco | 236,955 | $150,212 |
| McKinney | 236,001 | $124,215 |
| Grand Prairie | 209,434 | $81,619 |
| Amarillo | 205,130 | $65,912 |
| Brownsville | 192,957 | $52,130 |
| Denton | 169,431 | $76,019 |
| Killeen | 161,883 | $60,977 |
| Mesquite, Dallas County | 150,693 | $72,537 |
| McAllen | 150,640 | $61,579 |
| Pasadena | 148,539 | $64,927 |
| Waco | 147,788 | $54,365 |
| Midland | 147,615 | $89,585 |
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025); American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Census population estimates
What counties are in Texas?
Texas has 254 counties. Harris County is the largest with 5,045,026 residents in 2025; Loving County is the smallest with 52.
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025), U.S. Census Bureau · Census population estimates
Who lives in Texas?
The median resident of Texas is 35.6 years old; 25.0% are under 18 and 13.4% are 65 or older. The largest group is Hispanic or Latino residents (of any race) at 39.7%, then non-Hispanic white residents at 39.1%. 17.6% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Texas | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 35.6 ±0.1 | +1.0 |
| Under 18 years | 25.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
| 65 years and over | 13.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 39.7% ±0.1 pts | +0.4 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 39.1% ±0.1 pts | −2.9 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 11.9% ±0.1 pts | no clear change |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 5.5% ±0.1 pts | +0.8 pts |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 3.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Born outside the United States | 17.6% ±0.1 pts | +0.6 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 35.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 6.2% ±0.1 pts | – |
| With a disability | 12.3% ±0.1 pts | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 17.1% ±0.2 pts | no clear change |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 86.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 33.8% ±0.2 pts | +3.9 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 12.3% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Texas earn?
Half of Texas's 10,992,816 households earn less than $78,476 a year (±$263). In 2015-2019 the median was $76,148 in 2024 dollars, so it rose by $2,328 after inflation. 13.8% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Texas | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $78,476 ±$263 | +$2,328 |
| Mean household income | $109,933 ±$385 | – |
| Per capita income | $40,752 ±$159 | +$2,260 |
| People below the poverty line | 13.8% ±0.1 pts | −0.9 pts |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 18.7% ±0.3 pts | −2.2 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 11.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 91.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Texas?
Owners occupy 62.6% of Texas's occupied homes and renters 37.4%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $283,800 by its owner (±$738). The median renter pays $1,403 a month including utilities, and 42.3% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Texas | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $283,800 ±$738 | +$71,505 |
| Median gross rent | $1,403 ±$4 | +$117 |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 42.3% ±0.3 pts | +3.7 pts |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $2,106 ±$6 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 62.6% ±0.2 pts | +0.6 pts |
| Housing units | 12,128,515 ±1,574 | +1,191,489 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 1.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 7.7% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 64.4% ±0.2 pts | – |
| Mobile homes | 6.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 4.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 3.1% ±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Texas building?
Builders took permits for 210,217 new housing units in Texas in 2025 (140,579 single-family), 6.6 per 1,000 residents.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files summed by state, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Texas get to work?
71.4% of Texas's workers drive alone and 14.4% work from home. The average trip to work takes 26.7 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 5.3%.
| Measure | Texas | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 65.3% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Unemployment rate | 5.3% ±0.1 pts | +0.2 pts |
| Drove alone to work | 71.4% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Carpooled | 10.0% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Public transportation | 0.9% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Walked | 1.5% ±0.1 pts | – |
| Worked from home | 14.4% ±0.1 pts | +9.4 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 26.7 min ±0.1 | no clear change |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections