State
Maryland
Maryland. Maryland had 6,265,347 residents on July 1, 2025 by the Census Bureau's estimate, up 1.4% since 2020, slower than the United States (+3.1%). 536 places (157 incorporated and 379 census-designated) in 24 counties; 9,711 square miles of land.
Residents, 2025 estimate
6,265,347
Census Bureau estimate (no margin published)
2020 Census count: 6,177,224
Median household income
$103,678
±$597 (90% margin)
Median home value
$419,900
±$1,385 (90% margin)
Median gross rent
$1,705
±$8 (90% margin)
How many people live in Maryland?
The 2020 Census counted 6,177,224 residents in Maryland. The Census Bureau estimates 6,265,347 for July 1, 2025, up 1.4% since 2020, slower than the United States (+3.1%). 84.1% of residents live in an incorporated place or a census-designated place; the rest live outside any place.
Maryland is the 19th-most populous of the 50 states by the July 2025 estimates (every state ranked).
| Measure | Maryland | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 6,206,011 | +187,163 |
| Households | 2,362,928±3,782 | +157,724 |
| Average household size | 2.57±0.01 | −0.10 |
| Housing units | 2,560,784±424 | +112,362 |
Maryland's population since 2000
From 5,296,486 in 2000 to 6,265,347 in 2025: up 18.3%. The 2000, 2010 and 2020 figures are census counts. The 2005 figure is the Census Bureau's intercensal estimate, revised to fit the 2000 and 2010 counts and drawn on 2010 boundaries; 2015 and 2025 are July 1 estimates made from the census before them.
Source: The 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census counts and the Census Bureau's population estimates (intercensal 2000-2010, Vintage 2020, Vintage 2025) · Census population estimates
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026); PEP Vintage 2025; 2020 Census · Check it at data.census.gov
What are the largest cities in Maryland?
Baltimore is Maryland's largest place with 569,997 residents in 2025, followed by Columbia (104,338 residents in 2020-2024) and Frederick (92,059 residents in 2025).
| Place | Residents | Median household income |
|---|---|---|
| Baltimore | 569,997 | $62,177 |
| Columbia | 104,338 | $131,490 |
| Frederick | 92,059 | $97,069 |
| Germantown | 90,719 | $117,546 |
| Waldorf | 82,943 | $116,089 |
| Silver Spring | 81,462 | $99,860 |
| Ellicott City | 75,257 | $156,964 |
| Glen Burnie | 72,590 | $88,280 |
| Gaithersburg | 71,113 | $112,467 |
| Bethesda | 69,397 | $192,237 |
| Rockville | 67,563 | $128,649 |
| Dundalk | 65,969 | $64,520 |
| Towson | 58,679 | $101,320 |
| Severn | 58,402 | $134,423 |
| Bowie | 58,383 | $141,995 |
| Bel Air South | 58,137 | $123,653 |
| Aspen Hill | 53,279 | $111,575 |
| Wheaton | 52,926 | $111,478 |
| North Bethesda | 49,677 | $129,092 |
| Potomac | 45,902 | $236,675 |
| Odenton | 45,002 | $128,441 |
| Hagerstown | 44,228 | $52,221 |
| Catonsville | 43,368 | $114,109 |
| Annapolis | 40,634 | $113,860 |
| Essex | 40,580 | $67,168 |
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (SUB-EST2025); American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) · Census population estimates
What counties are in Maryland?
Maryland has 24 counties. Montgomery County is the largest with 1,074,582 residents in 2025; Kent County is the smallest with 19,565.
Source: PEP Vintage 2025 (CO-EST2025), U.S. Census Bureau · Census population estimates
Who lives in Maryland?
The median resident of Maryland is 39.4 years old; 22.2% are under 18 and 16.7% are 65 or older. The largest group is non-Hispanic white residents at 46.6%, then non-Hispanic Black residents at 28.9%. 16.6% of residents were born outside the United States.
| Measure | Maryland | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median age | 39.4±0.1 | +0.7 |
| Under 18 years | 22.2%±0.1 pts | – |
| 65 years and over | 16.7%±0.1 pts | – |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 12.5% | +2.4 pts |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 46.6%±0.1 pts | −4.3 pts |
| Black or African American alone, not Hispanic | 28.9%±0.1 pts | −0.5 pts |
| Asian alone, not Hispanic | 6.5%±0.1 pts | +0.3 pts |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 0.1%±0.1 pts | – |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, not Hispanic | 0.0%±0.1 pts | – |
| Two or more races, not Hispanic | 4.6%±0.1 pts | – |
| Some other race alone, not Hispanic | 0.7%±0.1 pts | – |
| Born outside the United States | 16.6%±0.2 pts | +1.4 pts |
| Speak a language other than English at home (age 5+) | 21.1%±0.2 pts | – |
| Civilian veterans (age 18+) | 6.8%±0.1 pts | – |
| With a disability | 11.6%±0.1 pts | – |
| No health insurance coverage | 6.3%±0.1 pts | +0.2 pts |
| High school graduate or higher (age 25+) | 91.1%±0.1 pts | – |
| Bachelor's degree or higher (age 25+) | 43.4%±0.3 pts | +3.2 pts |
| Graduate or professional degree (age 25+) | 20.8%±0.2 pts | – |
| Moved from another state in the past year | 2.6%±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP02, DP05) · Check it at data.census.gov
What do households in Maryland earn?
Half of Maryland's 2,362,928 households earn less than $103,678 a year (±$597). In 2015-2019 it was $104,369 in 2024 dollars; the margins of error cannot tell the two periods apart. 9.4% of residents live below the poverty line.
| Measure | Maryland | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $103,678±$597 | no clear change |
| Mean household income | $136,642±$723 | – |
| Per capita income | $52,979±$282 | +$1,140 |
| People below the poverty line | 9.4%±0.2 pts | no clear change |
| Children under 18 below the poverty line | 11.5%±0.4 pts | −0.6 pts |
| Households receiving SNAP | 11.2%±0.2 pts | – |
| Households with a broadband subscription | 92.4%±0.2 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
What does housing cost in Maryland?
Owners occupy 67.6% of Maryland's occupied homes and renters 32.4%. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $419,900 by its owner (±$1,385). The median renter pays $1,705 a month including utilities, and 42.3% of renters pay 35% or more of their income on rent.
| Measure | Maryland | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Median home value (owner-occupied) | $419,900±$1,385 | +$32,478 |
| Median gross rent | $1,705±$8 | no clear change |
| Renters paying 35% or more of income on rent | 42.3%±0.6 pts | +1.7 pts |
| Median monthly owner costs, with a mortgage | $2,347±$8 | – |
| Owner-occupied homes | 67.6%±0.3 pts | +0.7 pts |
| Housing units | 2,560,784±424 | +112,362 |
| Homeowner vacancy rate | 0.8%±0.1 pts | – |
| Rental vacancy rate | 4.7%±0.3 pts | – |
| Single-family detached homes | 51.2%±0.2 pts | – |
| Mobile homes | 1.3%±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 2020 or later | 1.4%±0.1 pts | – |
| Built 1939 or earlier | 10.7%±0.1 pts | – |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP04) · Check it at data.census.gov
How many new homes is Maryland building?
Builders took permits for 13,358 new housing units in Maryland in 2025 (9,345 single-family), 2.1 per 1,000 residents.
Source: Building Permits Survey, annual county files summed by state, U.S. Census Bureau · Census Building Permits Survey
How do people in Maryland get to work?
64.7% of Maryland's workers drive alone and 19.3% work from home. The average trip to work takes 31.1 minutes. The unemployment rate in 2020-2024 averaged 4.9%.
| Measure | Maryland | Change since 2015-2019 |
|---|---|---|
| In the labor force (age 16+) | 67.1%±0.1 pts | – |
| Unemployment rate | 4.9%±0.1 pts | −0.2 pts |
| Drove alone to work | 64.7%±0.3 pts | – |
| Carpooled | 7.7%±0.1 pts | – |
| Public transportation | 4.2%±0.1 pts | – |
| Walked | 2.0%±0.1 pts | – |
| Worked from home | 19.3%±0.2 pts | +14.3 pts |
| Mean travel time to work | 31.1 min±0.1 | −2.1 min |
Source: American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, U.S. Census Bureau (released January 2026) (DP03) · Check it at data.census.gov
How these figures are made: methodology and release checks · reading a margin of error · every state · corrections